II. CORAX AND TISIAS
(Vide A V 1 sq.)
1. Himerius or. 26 p. 2 cod., p. 97a, 36 D.: 鈥 峒渭蠁峤 韦喂蟽委伪谓 魏伪峤 螝蠈蟻伪魏伪, 慰峒 (慰峒 cod.) 魏伪蟿峤 螕慰蟻纬委伪谓 魏伪峤 螤蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠈蟻伪谓 峒谓胃萎蟽伪谓蟿蔚蟼 鈥
Verba lacera, sensus obscurus.
2. Paus. 6.17.8: 魏伪委蟿慰喂 峒勎晃晃 蟿蔚 韦喂蟽委伪蟼 峒愊 位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 峒愊兾肺轿澄何毕勎 魏伪峤 蟺喂胃伪谓蠋蟿伪蟿伪 蟿峥段 魏伪胃始 伪峤懴勧礁谓 纬蠀谓伪喂魏峤 危蠀蟻伪魏慰蠀蟽委峋 蠂蟻畏渭维蟿蠅谓 峒斘诚佄毕埼滴 峒渭蠁喂蟽尾萎蟿畏蟽喂谓.
3. [Plut.] Vitae X 慰r. 835C-D de Lysia: 峒愊蔚峤 未蔚 蟿峤次 蔚峒跋 危蠉尾伪蟻喂谓 峒蟺慰喂魏委伪谓 蟿峤次 峤曄兿勎迪佄课 螛慰蠀蟻委慰蠀蟼 渭蔚蟿慰谓慰渭伪蟽胃蔚峥栂兾蔽 峒斚兿勎滴晃晃滴 峒 蟺蠈位喂蟼, 峋は囄迪刼 鈥 峤∠ 魏慰喂谓蠅谓萎蟽蠅谓 蟿慰峥 魏位萎蟻慰蠀, 峒斚勎 纬蔚纬慰谓峤枷 蟺蔚谓蟿蔚魏伪委未蔚魏伪, 峒愊峤 螤蟻伪尉喂蟿苇位慰蠀蟼 峒勏佅囄课较勎肯 (444/3), 魏峒魏蔚峥 未喂苇渭蔚喂谓蔚 蟺伪喂未蔚蠀蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼 蟺伪蟻峤 韦喂蟽委峋 魏伪峤 螡喂魏委峋 蟿慰峥栂 危蠀蟻伪魏慰蠀蟽委慰喂蟼.
Ex Pseudoplutarcho hausit Phot. Bihl 489 B. Indidem Suda: 螞蠀蟽委伪蟼 螝蔚蠁维位慰蠀 危蠀蟻伪魏慰蠉蟽喂慰蟼, 峥ノ勏壪, 渭伪胃畏蟿峤聪 韦喂蟽委慰蠀 魏伪峤 螡喂魏委慰蠀.
4. Dionys. de Isocrate p. 535 R (I 54, 10 U. R.): 纬蔚谓蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼 未始 峒魏慰蠀蟽蟿峤聪 螤蟻慰未委魏慰蠀 蟿蔚 蟿慰峥 螝蔚委慰蠀 魏伪峤 螕慰蟻纬委慰蠀 蟿慰峥 螞蔚慰谓蟿委谓慰蠀 魏伪峤 韦喂蟽委慰蠀 蟿慰峥 危蠀蟻伪魏慰蠀蟽委慰蠀 蟿峥段 蟿蠈蟿蔚 渭苇纬喂蟽蟿慰谓 峤勎轿课嘉 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 峒澪晃晃废兾刮 峒愊囅屛较勏壩 峒愊峤 蟽慰蠁委峋 鈥
5. [Plut.] Vitae X 慰r. 836 F de Isocrate: 峒魏蟻慰蠋渭蔚谓慰蟼 螤蟻慰未委魏慰蠀 蟿蔚 蟿慰峥 螝蔚委慰蠀 魏伪峤 螕慰蟻纬委慰蠀 蟿慰峥 螞蔚慰谓蟿委谓慰蠀 魏伪峤 韦喂蟽委慰蠀 蟿慰峥 危蠀蟻伪魏慰蠀蟽委慰蠀 魏伪峤 螛畏蟻伪渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 蟿慰峥 峥ノ勎肯佄肯. Sud. s. v. Isocrates: 未喂未维蟽魏伪位慰蟼 未苇 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼, 慰峒 未峤 韦喂蟽委伪谓 蠁伪蟽委谓, 慰峒 未峤 峒樝佄翅繓谓慰谓, 慰峒 未峤 螤蟻蠈未喂魏慰谓 峒斚單毕兾蔽, 慰峒 未峤 螛畏蟻伪渭苇谓畏谓.
6. Cic. de orat. 3.21 (81): quare Coracem istum vestrum patiamur nos quidem pullos suos excludere (i. e. ausbr眉ten) in nido, qui evolent clamatores odiosi ac molesti.
Ad proverbium 魏伪魏慰峥 魏蠈蟻伪魏慰蟼 魏伪魏峤肝 峋犗屛 adludere Ciceronem Spengelius coniecit Art. Scr. p. 27. Inde non sequitur de Coracis et Tisiae lite fabellam iam Ciceroni fuisse notam (位苇纬慰蠀蟽喂 未苇 蟿喂谓蔚蟼, 峤呄勎 蟺蟻慰峤懴峥喯佅囄滴 伪峤曄勎 峒 蟺伪蟻慰喂渭委伪 Prol. in Hermogenis 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟽蟿维蟽蔚蠅谓 W IV p. 14 = Prol. Syll. p. 272, 27 R.). Zenobius autem Paroem. Gr. I p. 107 L. Schn., idem narrans de lite fabellam: 蟿峤次 蟺伪蟻慰喂渭委伪谓 蟿伪蠉蟿畏谓 慰峒 渭峤参 峒蟺峤 蟿慰峥 蟺蟿畏谓慰峥 味峋犖肯 蠁伪蟽峤段 蔚峒跋佱繂蟽胃伪喂, 峤呄勎 慰峤斚勎 伪峤愊勧礁蟼 尾蟻蠅蟿蠈蟼 峒愊兿勎刮 慰峤斚勎 蟿峤 峋犗屛, 峤 峒斚囄滴, 慰峒 未峤 魏蟿位. Certe 峒 蟺蔚蟻峤 螝蠈蟻伪魏慰蟼 蠁蔚蟻慰渭苇谓畏 蟺伪蟻峤 蟿慰峥栂 蟺慰位位慰峥栂 峒毕兿勎肯佄, ut ait Sextus Emp. adv. math. II 96, dudum nota fuit.
7. Anaximenes artis rhet. (in epistula falsarii, quae praemissa est operi) p. 12, 7H.: 蟺蔚蟻喂蟿蔚蠉尉峥 未峤 未蠀蟽峤 蟿慰蠉蟿慰喂蟼 尾喂尾位委慰喂蟼, 峤 蟿峤 渭苇谓 峒愊兿勎刮 峒愇坚礁谓 峒愇 蟿伪峥栂 峤懴始 峒愇嘉酷喀 蟿苇蠂谓伪喂蟼 螛蔚o未苇魏蟿峥 纬蟻伪蠁蔚委蟽伪喂蟼, 蟿峤 未峤 峒曄勎迪佄课 螝蠈蟻伪魏慰蟼.
8. Prol. in Hermogenem W VII 6 = P. S. p. 189, 13 et Maximi Planudis Prol. W V 215 = P. S. p. 67, 3 R.: 螝峤瓜佄蔽 慰峤栁 蟿喂蟼, 蟽蠀谓蔚蟿峤赶 峒谓峤聪 魏伪峤 蠂蟻峥喯兾肝蔽 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟽喂谓 峒蔽何蔽较屜 鈥 蟽蠀谓苇胃畏魏蔚 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟺蟻慰慰喂渭委蠅谓 魏伪峤 未喂畏纬萎蟽蔚蠅谓 魏伪峤 峒纬蠋谓蠅谓 魏伪峤 峒愊喂位蠈纬蝇谓 (未喂始 峤 蟿峤肝 未峥單嘉课 峒斚蔚喂胃蔚谓 add. Planudes).
Apud reliquos prolegomenon auctores Coracem scripsisse aliquid non fertur.
9. Excerpta C慰rporis P., P. S. p. 60, 3 R.: 蔚峒断勎 螝蠈蟻伪尉 魏伪峤 韦喂蟽委伪蟼 峤 渭伪胃畏蟿峤聪 伪峤愊勎酷喀, 蔚峒断勎 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼 峤 螞蔚慰谓蟿峥栁轿肯 蔚峒跋 峒埼肝轿毕 (i. e. Athenis) 魏伪峤 峒赶兾课合佄勎废 峒斘诚佄毕埼蔽 蟿苇蠂谓伪蟼.
10. Cic. Brut. 12.46: itaque ait Aristoteles 鈥 artem et praecepta Siculos Coracem et Tisiam conscripsisse.
11. Cic. inv. 2.2,.6: ac veteres quidem scriptores artis usque a principe illo atque inventore Tisia repetitos unum in locum conduxit Aristoteles.
Cf. de orat. 1. 20. 91: a Corace nescio quo (sic) et Tisia, quos artis illius inventores et principes fuisse constaret. V. etiam Aristotelis rhet. 1409 a 17 (ubi Corax) et Top. 183 b 31 (ubi Tisias). L. Victorinus ad Ciceronis l. l. (Rhet. Lat. min. 258. 37 H.): Corax et Tisias artes primi oratorias apud Graecos scripsisse dicuntur.
12. Quint. inst. 3.1.8: artium autem scriptores antiquissimi Corax et Tisias Siculi.
Conferas, quaeso, historiolam a Martiano Capella p. 140.17 sq. E. relatam (V 432). Artem a Corace inventam, a Tisia scriptam esse recte iam Susemihl putavit. Unde Plato, more suo rem tangens magis quam significans Phaedri 273 C: 未蔚喂谓峥断 纬始 峒斘课刮何滴 峒蟺慰魏蔚魏蟻蠀渭渭苇谓畏谓 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓 峒谓蔚蠀蟻蔚峥栁 峤 韦蔚喂蟽委伪蟼 峒 峒勎晃晃肯 峤呄兿勎瓜 未萎 蟺慰蟿始 峤⑽ 蟿蠀纬蠂维谓蔚喂 魏伪峤 峤佅蠈胃蔚谓 蠂伪委蟻蔚喂 峤谓慰渭伪味蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼. Ubi Hermias in commentario: 蟿慰峥ο勎 蔚峒断蔚谓 峒聪兿壪 未喂峤 蟿峤肝 螝蠈蟻伪魏伪, 峒愊蔚喂未峤 峒愇晃澄迪勎 峤 螝蠈蟻伪尉 韦喂蟽委慰蠀 魏伪胃畏纬畏蟿峤聪 (渭伪胃畏蟿峤聪 trad. corr. Spengel) 蔚峒段轿蔽.
13. (Marcellini?) Prol. W IV 19, P S. p. 277.16 R.: 峒位位始 峒斘晃赶壩嘉滴 魏伪峤 蔚峒聪蠅渭蔚谓, 蟿委 峒愊兿勎 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮何. 慰峒 蟺蔚蟻峤 螕喂蟽委伪谓 魏伪峤 螝蠈蟻伪魏伪 峤佅佄段课较勎蔽 伪峤愊勧酱谓 慰峤曄勏壪 鈥樶骏蠂蟿慰蟻喂魏萎 峒愊兿勎 蟺蔚喂胃慰峥ο 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬蠈蟼始.
Sic etiam Prol. an慰nyma P. S. p. 26.20 R. (W VI 14.1), Excerpta cod. Parisini P. S. p. 296.26 R. Solus nominatur Corax Exc. cod. Marc. 430 st Vaticani 900 P. S. p. 349.7 R. An慰nym. W III 611.9.
Gorgiae hanc definitionem tribuit Plato Gorgiae 453 A, cf. Amm. Marc. 30.4.3: 韦蔚喂蟽峤肺毕 (螝螣螜C螜螒C vel 螝韦螚C螜螒C ll.) suasionis opificem esse memorat, adsentiente Leontino Gorgia. Isocrateae artis est finitio secundum Quint. 2.15.4, 围enocratis secundum Sextum Empiricum adv. math. II 61. Denique Themistius or. XXVI 328 d: 魏伪峤 蟿伪峥ο勎 位苇纬慰蠀蟽伪 螝蠈蟻伪魏慰蟼 渭峤参 魏伪峤 韦喂蟽委慰蠀 魏伪蟿伪纬蔚位峋废 魏伪峤 螛蔚蠈未蠅蟻慰谓 蟽魏蠋蟺蟿蔚喂蟼 蟿峤肝 螔蠀味维谓蟿喂慰谓 峤∠ 渭喂魏蟻峤 峒勏勏勎 魏伪峤 峤位委纬慰蠀 峒勎疚刮 蔚峒跋 蟿峤次 蟿苇纬谓畏谓 蟺慰蟻喂蟽伪渭苇谓慰蠀蟼, 伪峤懴勧酱 未峤 峒勎较壩肝滴 未喂未维蟽魏蔚喂蟼, 峤呄蠅蟼 峒勎 蟿喂蟼 蟺蔚喂胃峤 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬慰委畏. At si Demosthenes Aeschini 未蔚喂谓峤赶 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬峤赶 位蠈纬蝇谓 audit (III 215), num nostra illa definitio spectetur, admodum dubium (Wendland, Hermae 39, 509.2).
14. Athanasii Prol. P. S. p. 171.19 R.: 峤呄勎 蟿慰峥 位苇纬蔚喂谓 峒 蠁蠉蟽喂蟼 伪峒跋勎, 蟿慰峥 未峤 蔚峤 位苇纬蔚喂谓 峒 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮何, 峒Ｎ 峒愇疚滇喀蟻蔚 螝蠈蟻伪尉 峤 危蠀蟻伪魏慰蠉蟽喂慰蟼, 峒ノ 魏伪峤 峤∠佄兾蔽较勎 未蠉谓伪渭喂谓 蟺蔚喂胃慰峥ο (峤∠佄兾毕刼 Rabe).
Cf. Philod. II p. 191: 蟿峤 位苇纬蔚喂谓 峒 蠁[蠉蟽]喂蟼 峒斘聪壩何滴, 蟿峤 未峤 魏伪位峥断 [位]蔚纬蔚喂谓 峒 蟿苇蠂谓畏 魏蟿位. et auctores ob eandem sententiam a Rabeo l. l. laudati.
15. Plato Phaedr. 267 A: 韦蔚喂蟽委伪谓 未峤 螕慰蟻纬委伪谓 蟿蔚 峒愇兾课嘉滴 蔚峤曃次滴刮, 慰峒 蟺蟻峤 蟿峥段 峒位畏胃峥段 蟿峤 蔚峒拔合屜勎 蔚峒段次课 峤∠ 蟿喂渭畏蟿苇伪 渭峋段晃晃课 蟿维 蟿蔚 伪峤 蟽渭喂魏蟻峤 渭蔚纬维位伪 魏伪峤 蟿峤 渭蔚纬维位伪 蟽渭喂魏蟻峤 蠁伪委谓蔚蟽胃伪喂 蟺慰喂慰峥ο兾刮 未喂峤 峥ハ幬嘉肺 位蠈纬慰蠀 魏伪喂谓维 蟿蔚 峒蟻蠂伪委蠅蟼 蟿维 蟿始 峒愇轿蔽较勎 魏伪喂谓峥断 蟽蠀谓蟿慰渭委伪谓 蟿蔚 位蠈纬蝇谓 魏伪峤 峒勏蔚喂蟻伪 渭萎魏畏 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟺维谓蟿蠅谓 峒谓蔚峥ο佄课.
Vide Epicharmi ad 围enophanem apud Aristot. metaph. 1010 a 5: 未喂峤 蔚峒拔合屜勏壪 渭峤参 位苇纬慰蠀蟽喂谓, 慰峤愇 峒位畏胃峥 未峤 位苇纬慰蠀蟽喂谓. 慰峤曄勏 纬峤跋 峒佅佄枷屜勏勎滴 渭峋段晃晃课 蔚峒跋蔚峥栁 峒 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 峒樝峤废囄毕佄嘉肯 蔚峒跋 螢蔚谓慰蠁维谓畏谓 (Kaibel, Com. Gr. fr. I, Epicharmi 252). Antiphon Tetral. I 尾 8: 蔚峒 未峤 蟿喂蟼 蟿峤 蔚峒拔合屜勎 峒位畏胃苇蟽喂谓 峒聪兾 峒∥澄滇繓蟿伪喂 鈥 cf. 未 8. - Quae secuntur apud Platonem, in nuce continent 伪峤斘疚废兾刮 et 渭蔚委蠅蟽喂谓 posteriorum. Cf. etiam Demetrius de eloc. 搂 120: 魏伪委蟿慰喂 蟿喂谓苇蟼 蠁伪蟽喂 未蔚峥栁 蟿峤 渭喂魏蟻峤 渭蔚纬维位蠅蟼 位苇纬蔚喂谓 魏伪峤 蟽畏渭蔚峥栁课 蟿慰峥ο勎 峒∥澄酷喀谓蟿伪喂 峤愊蔚蟻尾伪位位慰蠉蟽畏蟼 未蠀谓维渭蔚蠅蟼. Ceterum v. infra Isocratis 4.8. 渭伪魏蟻慰位慰纬委伪 et 尾蟻伪蠂蠀位慰纬委伪 Protagorae quoque et Gorgiae tribuitur, atque cf. Phaedri 268 C, 269 A, 272 A, Theaet. 172 D, Polit. 286 C, Gorg. 461 D (de P慰lo), Thucydidis IV 17.2.
16. Plato Phaedr. 272 C: 危蠅. 尾慰蠉位蔚喂 慰峤栁 峒愇诚 蟿喂谓始 蔚峒聪蠅 位蠈纬慰谓, 峤兾 蟿峥段 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿伪峥ο勎 蟿喂谓蠅谓 峒魏萎魏慰伪; - 桅伪喂. 蟿委 渭萎谓; - 危蠅. 位苇纬蔚蟿伪喂 纬慰峥ξ, 峤 桅伪峥栁聪佄, 未委魏伪喂慰谓 蔚峒段轿蔽 魏伪峤 蟿峤 蟿慰峥 位蠉魏慰蠀 蔚峒跋蔚峥栁. - 桅伪喂. 魏伪峤 蟽蠉 纬蔚 慰峤曄勏 蟺慰委蔚喂. - 危蠅. 蠁伪蟽峤 蟿慰委谓蠀谓 慰峤愇瘁讲谓 慰峤曄勏 5 蟿伪峥ο勎 未蔚峥栁 蟽蔚渭谓蠉谓蔚喂谓 慰峤愇词 峒谓维纬蔚喂谓 峒勎较 渭伪魏蟻峤拔 蟺蔚蟻喂尾伪位位慰渭苇谓慰蠀蟼. 蟺伪谓蟿维蟺伪蟽喂 纬维蟻, 峤 魏伪峤 魏伪蟿始 峒蟻蠂峤跋 蔚峒聪慰渭蔚谓 蟿慰峥ξ次 蟿慰峥 位蠈纬慰蠀, 峤呄勎 慰峤愇瘁讲谓 峒位畏胃蔚委伪蟼 渭蔚蟿苇蠂蔚喂谓 未苇慰喂 未喂魏伪委蠅谓 峒 峒纬伪胃峥段 蟺苇蟻喂 蟺蟻伪纬渭维蟿蠅谓 峒 魏伪峤 峒谓胃蟻蠋蟺蠅谓 纬蔚 蟿慰喂慰蠉蟿蠅谓 蠁蠉蟽蔚喂 峤勎较勏壩 峒 蟿蟻慰蠁峥 蟿峤肝 渭苇位位慰谓蟿伪 峒蔽何蔽结慷蟼 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横礁谓 峒斚兾迪兾肝蔽. 蟿峤 蟺伪蟻维蟺伪谓 纬峤跋 慰峤愇瘁讲谓 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 10 未喂魏伪蟽蟿畏蟻委慰喂蟼 蟿慰蠉蟿蠅谓 峒位畏胃蔚委伪蟼 渭苇位蔚喂谓 慰峤愇次滴轿, 峒位位峤 蟿慰峥 蟺喂胃伪谓慰峥. 蟿慰峥ο勎 未始 蔚峒段轿蔽 蟿峤 蔚峒拔合屜, 峋 未蔚峥栁 蟺蟻慰蟽苇蠂蔚喂谓 蟿峤肝 渭苇位位慰谓蟿伪 蟿苇蠂谓峥 峒愊佄滇繓谓. 慰峤愇瘁讲 纬峤跋 伪峤 蟿峤 蟺蟻伪蠂胃苇谓蟿伪 未蔚峥栁 位苇纬蔚喂谓 峒愇轿肯勎, 峒愥桨谓 渭峤 蔚峒拔合屜勏壪 蟺蔚蟺蟻伪纬渭苇谓伪, 峒位位峤 蟿峤 蔚峒拔合屜勎 峒斘 蟿蔚 魏伪蟿畏纬慰蟻委峋 魏伪峤 峒蟺慰位慰纬委峋陈 魏伪峤 蟺维谓蟿蠅蟼 位苇纬慰谓蟿伪 蟿峤 未峤 蔚峒拔横礁蟼 未喂蠅魏蟿苇慰谓 蔚峒段轿蔽, 蟺慰位位峤 蔚峒跋蠈谓蟿伪 蠂伪委蟻蔚喂谓 15 蟿峥 峒位畏胃蔚峥. 蟿慰峥ο勎 纬峤跋 未喂峤 蟺伪谓蟿峤赶 蟿慰峥 位蠈纬慰蠀 纬喂纬谓蠈渭蔚谓慰谓 蟿峤次 峒呄伪蟽伪谓 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓 蟺慰蟻委味蔚喂谓.
10 渭苇位蔚喂 12 伪峤愊勧桨 B 伪峤愊勧桨 蟿峤 Heindorf.
Haec ex arte antiqua sumpta esse iam Usener (Quaest. Anaxim. p. 36737, Kl. Schr. I 28.sq.) concluserat, quia ad genus iudiciale solum pertinerent.
Esse in proverbio ait Socrates ne lupi quidem partes esse deserendas. Quidni igitur corvi (魏蠈蟻伪魏慰蟼) quoque, bestiae item rapacis? Pergit autem Plato, suo modo 蟽蠂畏渭伪蟿委味蠅谓:
桅伪喂. 螒峤愊勎 纬蔚, 峤 危蠋魏蟻伪蟿蔚蟼, 未喂蔚位萎位蠀胃伪蟼, 峒 位苇纬慰蠀蟽喂谓 慰峒 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿慰峤合 位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏慰峤 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺慰喂慰蠉渭蔚谓慰喂 蔚峒段轿蔽. 峒谓蔚渭谓萎蟽胃畏谓 纬峤跋 峤呄勎 峒愇 蟿峥 蟺蟻蠈蟽胃蔚谓 尾蟻伪蠂苇蠅蟼 蟿慰峥 蟿慰喂慰蠉蟿慰蠀 峒愊單废埼嘉滴肝, 未慰魏蔚峥 未峤 蟿慰峥ο勎 蟺维渭渭蔚纬伪 蔚峒拔轿蔽 蟿慰峥栂 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿伪峥ο勎. - 危蠅. 峒位位峤 渭峤次 蟿蠈谓 纬蔚 韦蔚喂蟽委伪谓 伪峤愊勧礁谓 蟺蔚蟺维蟿畏魏伪蟼 峒魏蟻喂尾峥断.
17. Plato Phaedr. 259 E: 峒魏萎魏慰伪, 峤 蠁委位蔚 危蠋魏蟻伪蟿蔚蟼, 慰峤愇 蔚峒段轿蔽 峒谓维纬魏畏谓 蟿峥 渭苇位位慰谓蟿喂 峥ノ勎肯佄 峒斚兾迪兾肝蔽 蟿峤 蟿峥 峤勎较勎 未委魏伪喂伪 渭伪谓胃维谓蔚喂谓, 峒位位峤 蟿峤 未蠈尉伪谓蟿始 峒偽 蟺位萎胃蔚喂, 慰峒迪蔚蟻 未喂魏维蟽慰蠀蟽喂谓, 慰峤愇瘁讲 蟿峤 峤勎较勏壪 峒纬伪胃峤 峒 魏伪位维, 峒位位始 峤呄兾 未蠈尉蔚喂. 峒愇 纬峤跋 蟿慰蠉蟿蠅谓 蔚峒段轿蔽 蟿峤 蟺蔚委胃蔚喂谓, 峒位位始 慰峤愇 峒愇 蟿峥喯 峒位畏胃蔚委伪蟼.
Tangitur haec doctrina etiam in rei publ. VI 193 A-C. Talia respicere possis credere Sophoclem in Antigona 620 sq.: 蟽慰蠁委峋 纬峤跋 峒斘 蟿慰蠀 魏位蔚喂谓峤肝 峒斚慰蟼 蟺苇蠁伪谓蟿伪喂, 蟿峤 魏伪魏峤肝 未慰魏蔚峥栁 蟺慰蟿始 峒愊兾肝会礁谓 蟿峥肺词 峒斘嘉嘉滴, 峤呄勧砍 蠁蟻苇谓伪蟼 胃蔚峤赶 峒勎澄滴 蟺蟻峤赶 峒勏勎蔽, videas modo Phaedr. 260 C. Ceterum adeundus Philodem. rhet. I p. 209.5 S.: 蔚峒 未始 峒愊佄酷喀蟽喂 蟿峤 蠁伪喂谓蠈渭蔚谓伪 蟿慰峥栂 蟺慰位位慰峥栂 蟿慰喂伪峥ο勈 蔚峒段轿蔽 魏伪峤 峒位畏胃峥 魏伪峤 未蠀谓伪蟿[峤癩 魏伪峤 峒谓伪纬魏伪峥栁 渭蠈谓慰谓 峒愇疚礫蠀蟻]委蟽魏蔚喂谓 魏伪峤 {蟿峤皚 蟺喂胃伪谓蠈蟿畏蟿始 峒斚囄课絒蟿]伪, 蠂蠅蟻峤断 蟿慰峥 渭畏未峤参 峒曄刐蔚蟻慰谓] 位苇纬蔚喂谓 峒 蟿峤 蟿慰[峤篯蟼 峒愇较屛较勎毕 蟺慰位蔚喂蟿喂魏慰峤合 位蠈纬慰[蠀蟼] 峒愇疚迪呄佄兾何滴刮 蟿峤肝 蟺慰位蔚[喂蟿喂魏]峤肝 慰峤愇词 峒曄兿勎肺何滴 蟿峤 蠁伪喂谓蠈渭蔚谓伪 蟿慰峥栂 蟺慰位位慰峥栂.
18. Plato Phaedr. 273 A: 蔚峒跋苇蟿蠅 蟿慰委谓蠀谓 魏伪峤 蟿蠈未蔚 峒∥坚繓谓 峤 韦蔚喂蟽委伪蟼, 渭萎 蟿喂 峒勎晃晃 位苇纬蔚喂 蟿峤 蔚峒拔横礁蟼 峒 蟿峤 蟿峥 蟺位萎胃蔚喂 未慰魏慰峥ξ; - 蟿委 纬峤跋 峒勎晃籵; - 蟿慰峥ο勎 未峤 峤∠ 峒斘课刮何 蟽慰蠁峤肝 蔚峤懴佱郊谓 峒呂嘉 魏伪峤 蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏峤肝 峒斘诚佄毕埼滴, 峤∠ 峒愇 蟿喂蟼 峒蟽胃蔚谓峤聪 魏伪峤 峒谓未蟻喂魏峤赶 峒跋兿囅呄佱礁谓 魏伪峤 未蔚喂位峤肝 5 蟽蠀纬魏蠈蠄伪蟼 峒蔽嘉勎刮课 峒 蟿喂 峒勎晃晃 峒蠁蔚位蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼 蔚峒跋 未喂魏伪蟽蟿萎蟻喂慰谓 峒勎澄废勎蔽, 未蔚峥 未峤 蟿峒位畏胃峤蚕 渭畏未苇蟿蔚蟻慰谓 位苇纬蔚喂谓, 峒位位峤 蟿峤肝 渭峤参 未蔚喂位峤肝 渭峤 峤懴峤 渭蠈谓慰蠀 蠁维谓伪喂 蟿慰峥 峒谓未蟻喂魏慰峥 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蠈蠁胃伪喂, 蟿峤肝 未峤 蟿慰峥ο勎 渭峤参 峒愇晃诚囄滴刮 峤∠ 渭蠈谓蠅 峒は兿勎肺, 峒愇何滴结砍 未峤 魏伪蟿伪蠂蟻萎蟽伪蟽胃伪喂 蟿峥仿 蟺峥断 未始 峒偽 峒愇翅郊 蟿慰喂蠈蟽未蔚 蟿慰喂峥肺次 峒愊蔚蠂蔚委蟻畏蟽伪; 峤 未始 慰峤愇 峒愊佄滇繓 未峤 蟿峤次 峒懳毕呄勎酷喀 魏维魏畏谓, 10 峒位位维 蟿喂 峒勎晃晃 蠄蔚蠉未蔚蟽胃伪喂 峒愊喂蠂蔚喂蟻峥段 蟿维蠂始 峒偽 峒斘晃滴诚囅屛 蟺峥 蟺伪蟻伪未慰委畏 蟿峥 峒谓蟿喂未委魏峥. 魏伪峤 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿峒單晃晃 未峤 蟿慰喂伪峥ο勈 峒勏勏勎 峒愊兿勧蕉 蟿峤 蟿苇蠂谓峥 位蔚纬蠈渭蔚谓伪. 慰峤 纬维蟻, 峤 桅伪峥栁聪佄; - 蟿委 渭萎谓; - 蠁蔚峥, 未蔚喂谓峥断 纬始 峒斘课刮何滴 峒蟺慰魏蔚魏蟻蠀渭渭苇谓畏谓 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓 峒谓蔚蠀蟻蔚峥栁 峤 韦蔚喂蟽委伪蟼 峒 峒勎晃晃肯, 峤呄兿勎瓜 未萎 蟺慰蟿始 峤⑽ 蟿蠀纬蠂维谓蔚喂 魏伪峤 峤佅蠈胃蔚谓 蠂伪委蟻蔚喂 峤谓慰渭伪味蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼.
Ars est argumenta in utramque partem adhibendi, Spengel ad Ar. rh. p. 344. Isocrates adv. Callim. 13 sq. Antiphontis tetralogiae.
19. Plato Gorg. 460 E. 峒愇翅郊 蟿慰委谓蠀谓 蟽慰蠀 (Gorgias) 蟿蠈蟿蔚 蟿伪峥ο勎 位苇纬慰谓蟿慰蟼 峤懴苇位伪尾慰谓, 峤∠ 慰峤愇次慰蟿始 峒偽 蔚峒次 峒 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横酱 峒勎次刮何课 蟺蟻峋段澄嘉, 峤 纬始 峒蔚峤 蟺蔚蟻峤 未喂魏伪喂慰蟽蠉谓畏蟼 蟿慰峤合 位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 蟺慰喂蔚峥栂勎蔽. 峒愊蔚喂未峤 未峤 峤位委纬慰谓 峤曄兿勎迪佄课 (cf. 457 A) 峒斘晃滴澄迪, 峤呄勎 峤 峥ノ勏壪 蟿峥 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横繃 魏峒偽 峒未委魏蠅蟼 蠂蟻峥废勎, 慰峤曄勏 胃伪蠀渭维蟽伪蟼 魏伪峤 峒∥澄废兾嘉滴轿肯 慰峤 蟽蠀谓维未蔚喂谓 蟿峤 位蔚纬蠈渭蔚谓伪 峒愇何滴轿肯呄 蔚峒断慰谓 蟿慰峥ο 位蠈纬慰蠀蟼.
Cf. Phaedr. 273 B de Tisia: 未蔚峥 未峤 蟿峒位畏胃峤蚕 渭畏未苇蟿蔚蟻慰谓 位苇纬蔚喂谓. Quint. inst. 2.15.31, 鈥榙octores quoque eius artis parum idonei Platoni videbantur, qui rhetoricen a iustitia separarent et veris credibilia praeferrent.始 Gorgias quidem rhetoricen solum 峒愊峤 未喂魏伪委慰蠀 蠂蟻蔚委峋 adhiberi vult (Plato Gorg. 457 B).
20. Aristot. rhet. 1402a 3: 峒斚勎 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 峒愊佄瓜兿勎刮何酷繓蟼 蟺伪蟻峤 蟿峤 峒佅位峥断 魏伪峤 渭峤 峒佅位峥断 峒位位峤 蟿委 纬委纬谓蔚蟿伪喂 蠁伪喂谓蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼 蟽蠀位位慰纬喂蟽渭蠈蟼, 慰峒肺课 峒愇 渭峤参 蟿慰峥栂 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏慰峥栂, 峤呄勎 峒愊兿勧蕉 蟿峤 渭峤 峤勎 峤勎, 峒斚兿勎 纬峤跋 蟿峤 渭峤 峤勎 渭峤 峤勎, 魏伪峤 峤呄勎 峒愊喂蟽蟿畏蟿峤肝 蟿峤 峒勎澄较壪兿勎课, 峒斚兿勎刮 5 纬峤跋 峒愊喂蟽蟿畏蟿蠈谓, 蟿峤 峒勎澄较壪兿勎课 峤呄勎 峒勎澄较壪兿勎课, 慰峤曄勏壪 魏伪峤 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮何酷繓蟼 峒斚兿勎刮 蠁伪喂谓蠈渭蔚谓慰谓 峒愇轿赶嵨嘉肺嘉 蟺伪蟻峤 蟿峤 渭峤 峒佅位峥断 蔚峒拔横礁蟼 峒位位峤 蟿峤 蔚峒拔合屜. 峒斚兿勎刮 未峤 蟿慰峥ο勎 慰峤 魏伪胃蠈位慰蠀, 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 魏伪峤 峒埼澄赶壩 位苇纬蔚喂路 蟿维蠂始 峒勎 蟿喂蟼 蔚峒段横礁蟼 伪峤愊勧礁 蟿慰峥ο勈 蔚峒段轿蔽 位苇纬慰喂, 10 尾蟻慰蟿慰峥栂兾 蟺慰位位峤 蟿蠀纬蠂维谓蔚喂谓 慰峤愇 蔚峒拔合屜勎. 纬委纬谓蔚蟿伪喂 纬峤跋 蟿峤 蟺伪蟻峤 蟿峤 蔚峒段合屜, 峤ハ兿勎 蔚峒拔横礁蟼 魏伪峤 蟿峤 蟺伪蟻峤 蟿峤 蔚峒拔合屜. 蔚峒 未峤 蟿慰峥ο勎, 峒斚兿勎蔽 蟿峤 渭峤 蔚峒拔横礁蟼 蔚峒拔合屜. 峒位位始 慰峤愊 峒蟺位峥断, 峒位位始 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 魏伪峤 峒愊峤 蟿峥段 峒愊佄瓜兿勎刮横慷谓 蟿峤 魏伪蟿峤 蟿委 魏伪峤 蟺蟻峤赶 蟿委 魏伪峤 蟺峥 慰峤 蟺蟻慰蟽蟿喂胃苇渭蔚谓伪 蟺慰喂蔚峥 蟿峤次 蟽蠀魏慰蠁伪谓蟿委伪谓, 魏伪峤 峒愇较勎贬喀胃伪 蟺伪蟻峤 蟿峤 蔚峒拔横礁蟼 蔚峒段轿蔽 15 渭峤 峒蟺位峥断 峒位位峤 蟿峤 蔚峒拔合屜. 峒斚兿勎 未始 峒愇 蟿慰蠉蟿慰蠀 蟿慰峥 蟿蠈蟺慰蠀 峒 螝蠈蟻伪魏慰蟼 蟿苇蠂谓畏 蟽蠀纬魏蔚喂渭苇谓畏. 峒勎 蟿蔚 纬峤跋 渭峤 峒斘轿肯囄肯 峋 蟿峥 伪峒跋勎境, 慰峒肺课 峒蟽胃蔚谓峤聪 峤⑽ 伪峒拔何毕 蠁蔚蠉纬峥兟 慰峤 纬峤跋 蔚峒拔合屜偮 魏峒偽 峒斘轿肯囄肯 峤の, 慰峒肺课 峒偽 峒跋兿囅呄佱礁蟼 峤⑽铰 慰峤 纬峤跋 蔚峒拔合屜, 峤呄勎 蔚峒拔横礁蟼 峒斘嘉滴晃晃 未蠈尉蔚喂谓. 峤佄嘉课壪 未峤 魏伪峤 峒愊峤 蟿峥段 峒勎晃幌壩. 峒 纬峤跋 峒斘轿肯囄课 峒谓维纬魏畏 峒 渭峤 峒斘轿肯囄课 蔚峒段轿蔽 蟿峥 伪峒跋勎境. 桅伪委谓蔚蟿伪喂 20 渭峤参 慰峤栁 峒渭蠁蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 蔚峒拔合屜勎, 峒斚兿勎 未峤 蟿峤 渭峤参 蔚峒拔合屜, 蟿峤 未峤 慰峤愊 峒佅位峥断, 峒位位始 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 蔚峒聪佄废勎蔽. 魏伪峤 蟿峤 蟿峤肝 峒ハ勏勏 未峤 位蠈纬慰谓 魏蟻蔚委蟿蟿蠅 蟺慰喂蔚峥栁 蟿慰峥ο勈 峒愊兿勎.
15 未始 峒愇 蟿慰蠉蟿慰蠀 Schol. translatio lat. 未峤 蟿慰峥ο勎 Ac 未峤 蟿慰蠉蟿慰蠀 螛螤 17 伪峒拔横椒伪谓 QDE 蠁蔚蠉纬蔚喂 螛螤 18 峤佄嘉课壪 魏伪峤 螛螤
Ecce artificium a dilemmate, quod vocant, derivatum, cuius apud eristicos qui fuerit usus, prae ceteris Plato demonstrat in Euthydemo (275 , 2/6 D, 283 E). Dilemmata amat Andocides (I 51, II 2, II 3, II 16). Cognatus est is 蟿蠈蟺慰蟼, qui est e divisione (cf. ad B VII 39). Ad rem vide etiam Hermogenis 蟺. 蟽蟿. p. 147.29 Sp. 慰峒废 纬峤跋 峤 峒曄勎迪佄肯 蠂蟻萎蟽蔚蟿伪喂 峤∠ 蟽畏渭蔚委慰喂蟼 蟿慰峥 蔚峒段轿蔽 蟿喂, 蟿慰蠉蟿慰喂蟼 峤 峒曄勎迪佄肯 峤∠ 蟽畏渭蔚委慰喂蟼 蠂蟻萎蟽蔚蟿伪喂 蟿慰峥 渭峤 蔚峒段轿蔽 蟿喂 魏蟿位.
Locum uberrime illustravit G. Kowalski, De arte rhetorica 1 (Lemberg 1937) 3 sq.
21. Aristot. rhet. 1372a 21: 位伪胃畏蟿喂魏慰峤 未始 蔚峒跋冡蕉谓 慰峒 蟿始 峒愇轿蔽较勎课 蟿慰峥栂 峒愇澄何晃嘉毕兾刮, 慰峒肺课 峒蟽胃蔚谓蔚峥栂 蟺蔚蟻峤 伪峒拔何毕 魏伪峤 峤 蟺苇谓畏蟼 魏伪峤 峤 伪峒跋兿囅佱礁蟼 蟺蔚蟻峤 渭慰喂蠂蔚委伪蟼 魏蟿位.
2 峒蟽胃蔚谓峤聪 libri praeter Ac
22. Anaxim. p. 86.16 H: 峒蟺蟻蔚蟺峤聪 渭峤参 慰峤栁 纬苇谓慰喂蟿始 峒勎, 峒愥桨谓 峒纬蠅谓委味畏蟿伪喂 谓蔚蠋蟿蔚蟻慰蟼 峒 蟺蟻蔚蟽尾蠉蟿蔚蟻慰蟼 峤懴峤蚕 峒勎晃晃肯, 峤懴蔚谓伪谓蟿委慰蟼 未苇, 峒愇 蟿喂蟼 峒跋兿囅呄佱礁蟼 峤⑽ 峒蟽胃蔚谓蔚峥 未喂魏维味畏蟿伪喂 伪峒拔何毕 峒 峒愇 蟿喂蟼 峤懳蚕佄瓜兿勧酱蟼 峤⑽ 峤曃蚕佄刮 峒愇澄何蔽会繃 蟽蠋蠁蟻慰谓喂 峒 峒愇 蟿喂蟼 蟺维谓蠀 蟺位慰蠀蟽委峥 未喂魏维味畏蟿伪喂 蟺维谓蠀 蟺苇谓畏蟼 蠂蟻畏渭维蟿蠅谓 峒愇澄何蔽会慷谓.
Notabis, cum Aristoteles addat 峤佄嘉课壪 未峤 魏伪峤 峒愊峤 蟿峥段 峒勎晃幌壩, divitis pauperisque rixae exemplum ab Anaximene tertio loco poni, quod in ipsa Tisiae arte inventum esse fortasse confirmatur a Luciano Pseudol. 29 (186 sq.), cum narrat sophistam quendam pauperis partes contra divitem egisse eundemque seni diviti Tisiae artibus multum pecuniae eripuisse. (Ibid. ultima verba 峤 未峤 ... 魏伪蟿伪蟽慰蠁喂蟽胃蔚峤断 ad historiam c. 5. narratam pertinere videntur.) Cf. etiam Lysiae 24.16 慰峤 纬峤跋 <蟿慰峤合> 蟺蔚谓慰渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 魏伪峤 位委伪谓 峒蟺蠈蟻蠅蟼 未喂伪魏蔚喂渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 峤懳蚕佄段滴刮 蔚峒拔合屜, 峒位位峤 蟿慰峤合 蟺慰位位峥 蟺位蔚委蠅 蟿峥段 峒谓伪纬魏伪委蠅谓 魏蔚魏蟿畏渭苇谓慰蠀蟼, 慰峤愇瘁讲 蟿慰峤合 峒未蠀谓维蟿慰蠀蟼 蟿慰峥栂 蟽蠋渭伪蟽喂谓 峤勎较勎毕, 峒位位峤 蟿慰峤合 渭维位喂蟽蟿伪 蟺喂蟽蟿蔚蠉慰谓蟿伪蟼 蟿伪峥栂 伪峤懴勧慷谓 峥ハ幬嘉蔽瓜, 慰峤愇瘁讲 蟿慰峤合 峒の次 蟺蟻慰尾蔚尾畏魏蠈蟿伪蟼 蟿峥 峒∥晃刮何境, 峒位位峤 蟿慰峤合 峒斚勎 谓苇慰蠀蟼 魏伪峤 谓苇伪喂蟼 蟿伪峥栂 未喂伪谓慰委伪喂蟼 蠂蟻蠅渭苇谓慰蠀蟼. Inversum habes Anaximenis ordinem. Conicias certos 蟿慰峥 蔚峒拔合屜勎肯 locos iam a Tisia fuisse elaboratos, ac recte huc traxit Kowalski p. 50 Xen. Cyrop. I 3.17: 峒ξ 未峤 峒 未委魏畏 蟿慰喂伪蠉蟿畏. 蟺伪峥栂 渭苇纬伪蟼 (i. e. 峒跋兿囅呄佅屜) 渭喂魏蟻峤肝 峒斚囅壩 蠂喂蟿峥段轿 蟺伪峥栁次 渭喂魏蟻峤肝 (i. e. 峒蟽胃蔚谓峥) 渭苇纬伪谓 峒斚囄课较勎 蠂喂蟿峥段轿 峒愇何聪嵪兾毕 伪峤愊勧礁谓 (cf. supra Plat. Phaedr. 273 A) 蟿峤肝 渭峤参 峒懳毕呄勎酷喀 峒愇何滇繓谓慰谓 峒∥枷單迪兾, 蟿峤肝 未始 峒愇何滴轿肯 伪峤愊勧礁蟼 峒愇轿聪. 峒愇翅郊 慰峤栁 蟿慰峤幌勎课瓜 未喂魏维味蠅谓 峒斘澄较壩 鈥 峒愇 未峤 蟿慰蠉蟿峥 渭蔚 峒斚伪喂蟽蔚谓 峤 未喂未维蟽魏伪位慰蟼 位苇尉伪蟼 ...
23. Doxopater in Aphthon. W II p. 119.16: 蟿慰蠉蟿蠅谓 未苇 (scil. 蟿峥段 蟿慰峥 位蠈纬慰蠀 渭蔚蟻峥段) 蠁伪蟽喂谓 蔚峤懴佄迪勧酱谓 蟺蟻峥断勎课 纬蔚谓苇蟽胃伪喂 蟿峤肝 螝蠈蟻伪魏伪, 峒勏佅勎 蟿峤肝 未峥單嘉课 峒愇 蟿峥喯 峒纬蟻委慰蠀 蟿蠀蟻伪谓谓委未慰蟼 峒愇何滴轿废 蟺伪蟻伪位伪尾蠈谓蟿伪 魏伪峤 蟽蠀纬魏蔚蠂蠀渭苇谓慰谓 蔚峤懴佅屛较勎 魏伪委, 峒滴轿 渭峤参 蟿峤 胃慰蟻蠀尾慰峥ξ 蟺伪蠉蟽峥 魏伪峤 蟺蔚委蟽峥 蟺蟻慰蟽苇蠂蔚喂谓, 蟿慰峤合 蟿峥段 蟺蟻慰慰喂渭委蠅谓 蟿蠈蟺慰蠀蟼 峒愊喂谓慰萎蟽伪谓蟿伪, 峒滴轿 未峤 魏伪峤 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿慰峥 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿慰蟼 蟽伪蠁峥断 未喂未维尉峥 魏伪峤 蟺喂胃伪谓峥断 魏伪峤 蟽蠀谓蟿蠈渭蠅蟼, 蟿峤次 未喂萎纬畏蟽喂谓 峒愊喂魏伪蟿伪谓慰萎蟽伪谓蟿伪, 峒滴轿 未峤 魏伪委, 蟺蔚蟻峤 峤 尾慰蠉位蔚蟿伪喂, 蟺蔚委蟽峥 <魏伪峤 蟺蟻慰蟿蟻苇蠄峥> 魏伪峤 峒蟺慰蟿蟻苇蠄峥, 蟿慰峥栂 峒纬峥断兾 蠂蟻畏蟽维渭蔚谓慰谓路 峒滴轿 未峤 魏伪峤 蟿峥段 魏伪喂蚁喂蝇蟿维蟿蝇谓 (l. 魏蠀蚁喂蝇蟿维蟿蝇谓) 峒谓伪渭谓萎蟽峥, 蟺位畏蟻蠋蟽峥 未峤 魏伪峤 蟺维胃慰蠀蟼 蟿慰峤合 未喂魏伪蟽蟿峤跋 峒 蟿慰峤合 尾慰蠀位蔚蠀蟿维蟼, 魏伪峤 蟿慰峤合 峒愊喂位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿畏蟽维渭蔚谓慰谓.
Cf. quae de Coracis dispositione supra A V 16 collecta exstant. Ipse quidem Doxopater, cum quattuor partes describit, quod probatur iam a Ioanne Sardiano p. 50, 12 sq. R., tamen de genere demonstrativo loquitur, in quo narratio non habet locum, de narrationis virtutibus profert praecepta, quae Isocrati eiusque disciplinae ab aliis tribuuntur. Troilus denique, in genere iudiciali Coracem versatum esse adfirmans, septem partes enumerat: 蟺蟻慰慰委渭喂伪, 蟺蟻慰魏伪蟿伪蟽魏蔚蠀萎谓, 蟺蟻慰魏伪蟿维蟽蟿伪蟽喂谓, 魏伪蟿维蟽蟿伪蟽喂谓, 峒纬峥段轿毕, 蟺伪蟻苇魏尾伪蟽喂谓, 峒愊喂位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 (v. supra p. 17), eaque fortasse ex Aristotele provenit memoria, scimus autem in terminis technicis inveniendis primos auctores quasi delirasse. Ceterum adeas Hambergeri libellum 25 sq. (34).
24. Syrianus in Hermogenem II p. 127, 4 R: 纬谓蠅蟽蟿苇慰谓 未峤 峤呄勎 魏伪峤 螝蠈蟻伪尉 峤 蟿蔚蠂谓慰纬蟻维蠁慰蟼 蟿峥 蟿峥喯 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿维蟽蔚蠅蟼 峤谓蠈渭伪蟿喂 魏苇蠂蟻畏蟿伪喂.蟺蟻慰慰委渭喂伪 蟿慰峥 位蠈纬慰蠀 蟿峤次 魏伪蟿维蟽蟿伪蟽喂谓 魏伪位峥段.
Anaximenes 29 p. 71.5 H. de prooemio agens: 蟿慰峥ο勎课 渭峤参 慰峤栁 蟿慰谓 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰谓 蟿峤跋 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿维蟽蔚喂蟼 蟿峥段 未畏渭畏纬慰蟻喂峥段 蟺慰喂畏蟿苇慰谓. De 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿维蟽蔚蠅蟼 vocabuli notione v. Wendland 30 sq., Hamberger 34 sq., 39 sq. (Usener, Kl. Schriften I 32).
25. Plato Phaedr. 267 D: 蟿峤 未峤 未峤 蟿苇位慰蟼 蟿峥段 位蠈纬蝇谓 魏慰喂谓峥 蟺峋断兾刮 峒斘课刮何 蟽蠀谓未蔚未慰纬渭苇谓慰谓 蔚峒段轿蔽, 峋 蟿喂谓蔚蟼 渭峤参 峒愊维谓慰未慰谓, 峒勎晃晃课 未始 峒勎晃晃 蟿委胃蔚谓蟿伪喂 峤勎轿课嘉. 桅伪喂. 蟿峤 峒愇 魏蔚蠁伪位伪委峥 峒曃何毕兿勎 位苇纬蔚喂蟼 峤懴慰渭谓峥喯兾蔽 峒愊峤 蟿蔚位蔚蠀蟿峥喯 蟿慰峤合 峒魏慰蠉慰谓蟿伪蟼 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿峥段 蔚峒跋佄肺嘉较壩;
26. Plato Phaedr. 274 A ad praecedentia verba respiciens: 峤ハ兿勈 蔚峒 渭伪魏蟻峤 峒 蟺蔚蟻委慰未慰蟼, 渭峤 胃伪蠀渭维蟽峥兿偮 渭蔚纬维位蠅谓 纬峤跋 峒曃轿滴何 蟺蔚蟻喂喂蟿苇慰谓, 慰峤愊 峤∠ 蟽峤 (i. e. Tisias) 未慰魏蔚峥栂.
蟺蔚蟻喂喂蟿苇慰谓: 鈥瀉mbitum鈥 Cicero vocat 蟿峤次 蟺蔚蟻委慰未慰谓, Pollux II 125 蟺蔚蟻喂位苇纬蔚喂谓 explicat 蟺蔚蟻喂苇蟻蠂蔚蟽胃伪喂 蟿峥 位蠈纬峥. At Aristoph. Ran. 953 蟺蔚蟻委蟺伪蟿慰蟼 est quasi 渭伪魏蟻慰位慰纬委伪, quod explicatur verbis Maccab. 尾 2, 30 蟿峤 渭峤参 峒愇嘉参毕勎迪嵨滴刮 魏伪峤 蟺蔚蟻委蟺伪蟿慰谓 蟺慰喂蔚峥栂兾肝蔽 位蠈纬蝇谓 魏伪峤 蟺慰位蠀蟺蟻伪纬渭慰谓蔚峥栁 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 魏伪蟿峤 渭苇蟻慰蟼 蟿峥 蟿峥喯 峒毕兿勎肯佄毕 峒蟻蠂畏纬苇蟿峥 魏伪胃萎魏蔚喂, 蟿峤 未峤 蟽蠉谓蟿慰渭慰谓 魏蟿位. Ipsius 蟺蔚蟻喂蠈未慰蠀 nomen Platoni inde ductum videri satis clare ex verbis eius apparet. Tisias igitur semper 未喂峤 蟺蔚蟻喂蠈未蠅谓 dicendum esse docuerat.
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II. CORAX AND TISIAS
(see also A V 1ff.)
1. Himerius, 2nd speech: Tisias and Corax, who blossomed in the way that Gorgias and Protagoras did.
The words are fragmentary and the meaning unclear.
2. Pausanias 6.17.8: Yet Tisias expanded the art of rhetoric, in particular he wrote the most persuasive speech of his time to support the claim of a Syracusan woman to a property.
3. Pseudo-Plutarch, Lives of the Ten Orators, on Lysias: But when the city sent a colony to Sybaris, which was afterwards called Thurii, he went there鈥 that he might receive his portion of his father's estate. This was done in the fifteenth year of his age, when Praxiteles was chief magistrate [444/3 BC]. There then he stayed, and was brought up under Nicias and Tisias, both Syracusans.
Phot. Bibl. 489 B draws on Pseudoplutarch, as does the Suda: 鈥楲ysias son of Cephalus, Syracusan, orator, student of Tisias and Nicias.
4. Dionysius of Halikarnassos, On Isocrates: He became a student of Prodicus of Ceos, Gorgias of Leontinoi and Tisias of Syracuse, who at that time were the most famous among the Greeks for their knowledge鈥
5. Pseudo-Plutarch, Lives 10 or. 836f.: He listened to Prodicus of Ceos, Gorgias of Leontinoi and the rhetor Theramenes. 鈥 Sud. s.v. Isocrates: His teacher was Gorgias; others say it was Tisias, others Erginus, others Prodicus, others Theramenes.
6. Cicero, On the Orator 3.21 (81): Therefore, let us tolerate that Corax of yours hatching his fledglings in his nest, who will fly out as unlikeable and obnoxious bawlers.
Spengel Art. Scr. p. 27 surmises that Cicero is playing on the saying, 鈥榖ad crow, bad egg鈥. From this it does not follow that Cicero already knew the story of the quarrel between Corax and Tisias (鈥榮ome say that this saying is older鈥: Prol. on Hermogenes On Civil Strifes W IV p. 14 = Prol. Syll. p. 272, 27 R.). See also Zenobius, who tells the same story about the quarrel (Paroem. Gr. I p. 107 L. Schn.): 鈥楽ome claim this saying originates from the bird, since neither it itself nor its egg is edible; others鈥︹ It is certain, however, that the 鈥榮tory about Corax reported by many鈥, as Sextus Emp. Against the Mathematicians 2.96 puts it, was known fairly early.
7. Anaximenes, On Rhetoric: 鈥 You will then come across these two books, of which one is mine, among the treatises I wrote for Theodektes, the other by Corax.
8. Prologue to Hermogenes 7.6 and Maximus Palnudes Prol. 5.215: One Corax, who was intelligent and full of practical wisdom, [鈥 composed a treatise about prooemia, narratives, contests and epilogues.
In all the other authors of prolegomena there is no indication that Corax wrote anything.
9. Excerpts (?): And then Corax and his pupil Tisias (wrote technai), then in Athens Gorgias of Leontinoi and Isocrates did.
10. Cicero, Brutus 12.46: Thus, Aristotle writes that [鈥 the Sicilians Corax and Tisias wrote down the art and its precepts.
11. Cicero, On Invention 2.2.6: Aristotle brought together the older writers of the ars, all the way down from its famous beginner and inventor Tisias.
Cf. On the Orator. 1.20.91: 鈥樷 one Corax (sic) and Tisias, who we know were the inventors and first practitioners of that art.鈥 See also Aristotle Rhet. 1409a17 (on Corax) and Top. 183b31 (on Tisias). L. Victorinus writes on Cicero ad loc. (Rhet. Lat. min. 258. 37 H.): 鈥楥orax and Tisias are said to be the first to have written treatises on rhetoric among the Greeks.鈥
12. Quintilian 3.1.8: The oldest authors of treatises were the Sicilians Corax and Tisias.
Please compare a little story reported by Martianus Capella p. 140, 17f. E. (V 432). That the art was invented by Corax and written down by Tisias was correctly surmised by Susemihl. Hence Plato, more touching on the subject than explaining it, as is his habit, Phaedr. 273C: 鈥楢 wonderfully hidden art it is that Tisias discovered or whoever else that person happens to be and whatever country he hails from!鈥 On this passage Hermias鈥檚 commentary: 鈥楬e probably writes this because of Corax, since the latter was said to be Tisias鈥檚 teacher.鈥
13. (惭补谤肠别濒濒颈苍耻蝉鈥檚?) Prologue: But let鈥檚 go and define what rhetoric is. Tisias and Corax define it like this: 鈥淩hetoric is the craftswoman of persuasion.鈥
So also Prol. an慰nyma P. S. p. 26.20 R. (W VI 14.1), Excerpta cod. Parisinus P. S. p. 296.26 R. Only Corax is named in Exc. cod. Marc. 430 and Vaticanus 900 P. S. p. 349.7 R. An慰nym. W III 611.9.
Plato attributes this definition to Gorgias in Gorg. 453A, cf. Amm. Marc. 30.4.3: 鈥楾isias (鈥淜oisias鈥 or 鈥淐tesias鈥 in the manuscripts) says that (this art) is the manufacturer of persuasion, and Gorgias of Leontini agrees.鈥 The full maturity is attained in the art of Isocrates, according to Quint. 2.15.4, of 围enocrates according to Sextus Empir. Against the Mathematicians 2.61. Finally Themistius or. 26.328 d: 鈥楢nd as you say this you laugh at Tisias and mock Theodorus of Byzantion, claiming they made but small and worthless contributions to the art, while you yourself lecture from above, in the same way that someone would manufacture persuasion.鈥 If, however, in Aeschines (3.215) Demosthenes is called 鈥榓 very able manufacturer of speeches鈥, it is very dubious that there our definition of the word applies (Weidland, Hermes 39.509.2).
14. 础迟丑补苍补蝉颈耻蝉鈥檚 Prologue: Nature causes us to speak, but rhetoric is what causes us to speak well. Corax of Syracuse invented it; they also defined it as the capacity for persuasion.
Cf. Philod. II p. 191: 鈥楴ature enables us to speak, but art is what makes us speak well鈥. See also the authors Rabe cites regarding the same idea.
15. Plato, Phaedrus 267 A-B: And shall we leave Gorgias and Tisias undisturbed, who saw that probabilities are more to be esteemed than truths, who make small things seem great and great things small by the power of their words, and new things old and old things the reverse, and who invented conciseness of speech and measureless length on all subjects?
See Epicharmus on Xenophanes in Arist. Metaph. 1010a5: 鈥楾herefore they speak with plausibility, but they don鈥檛 speak the truth. For to speak in this way fits better than how Epicharmus says on Xenophanes (Kaibel, Com. Gr. fr. I, Epicharmi 252). Antiphon Tetral. 1.2.8: 鈥楤ut if someone holds the plausible equal to the true鈥 cf. 1.4.8. 鈥 The words that follow in Plato contain, in a nutshell, augmentation and diminution in later authors. Cf. also Demetrius On Eloquence 120: 鈥榊et some claim that one ought to speak of little things in a grand way and think it a sign of exceptional ability鈥. Also consider below Isocrates 4.8. Both length and brevity of speech are also attributed to Protagoras and Gorgias, and cf. Phaedr. 268C, 269A, 272A, Theaet. 172 D, Polit. 286C, Gorg. 461D (on P慰lus), Thucydides 4.17.2.
16. Plato, Phaedrus 272C鈥273A: (Socr.) Then shall I tell something that I have heard some of those say who make these matters their business? (Phaedr.) Pray do. (Socr.) Even the wolf, you know, Phaedrus, has a right to an advocate, as they say. (Phaedr.) Do you be his advocate. (Socr.) Very well. They say that there is no need of treating these matters with such gravity and carrying them back so far to first principles with many words; for, as we said in the beginning of this discussion, he who is to be a competent rhetorician need have nothing at all to do, they say, with truth in considering things which are just or good, or men who are so, whether by nature or by education. For in the courts, they say, nobody cares for truth about these matters, but for that which is convincing; and that is probability, so that he who is to be an artist in speech must fix his attention upon probability. For sometimes one must not even tell what was actually done, if it was not likely to be done, but what was probable, whether in accusation or defense; and in brief, a speaker must always aim at probability, paying no attention to truth; for this method, if pursued throughout the whole speech, provides us with the entire art.
Usener already concluded that these words must stem from some early treatise, for they relate exclusively to the forensic genre.
Socrates says that according to one proverb not even the parts of the wolf should be abandoned; so why not the crow鈥檚 (korax), too, an animal just as predatory? Plato then continues, using figures in his characteristic manner: 鈥(Phaedr.) You have expounded on the very things that are said by those who lay claim to being professional rhetors. For I just remembered that we briefly touched on such subject matter a moment ago. Such things seem to be of major import to those who are about that art. 鈥 (Socr.) You obviously have studied Tisias himself carefully.鈥
17. Plato, Phaedrus 259E-260A: I have heard that one who is to be an orator does not need to know what is really just, but what would seem just to the multitude who are to pass judgment, and not what is really good or noble, but what will seem to be so; for they say that persuasion comes from what seems to be true, not from the truth.
This doctrine is touched on in in Rep. 6 193A-C as well. One may think Sophocles is referring to something like that in Antigone 620-1: 鈥楾hough wisdom has appeared a famous word by someone, that appearing to be bad seems good to the man whose mind god is leading to blindness/ruin鈥, if only you consider Phaedr. 260C. We should also have a look at Philodem. Rhet. I p. 209.5 S.: 鈥業f they say that what appears to the masses is actually so and true and can and must only be discovered and possess plausibility, apart from the fact that it does not refer to anything beyond the politician having to find out the political arguments inherent in every situation, the appearances do not even stay still for the masses.鈥
18. Plato, Phaedrus 273 A-C: now let Tisias himself tell us if he does not say that probability is that which most people think. (Phaedr.:) That is just what he says. (Socr.:) Apparently after he had invented this clever scientific definition, he wrote that if a feeble and brave man assaulted a strong coward, robbed him of his cloak or something, and was brought to trial for it, neither party ought to speak the truth; the coward should say that he had not been assaulted by the brave man alone, whereas the other should prove that only they two were present and should use the well-known argument, 鈥淗ow could a little man like me assault such a man as he is?鈥 The coward will not acknowledge his cowardice, but will perhaps try to invent some other lie, and thus give his opponent a chance to confute him. And in other cases there are other similar rules of art. Is that not so, Phaedrus? (Phaedrus:) Certainly. (Socrates:) Oh, a wonderfully hidden art it seems to be which Tisias has brought to light, or some other, whoever he may be and whatever country he is proud to call his own!
There is an art of employing arguments for both views: Spengel on Ar. rh. p. 344; Isocrates Against Callimachus 13-14; Antiphon鈥檚 Tetralogies.
19. Plato, Gorgias 460E-461A: Well then, I supposed at the time when you were saying this that rhetoric could never be an unjust thing, since the speeches it made were always about justice but when a little later you told us that the orator might make even an unjust use of his rhetoric, that indeed surprised me, and thinking the two statements were not in accord I made those proposals.
Cf. Phaedr. 273B on Tisias: 鈥楴either party must speak the truth鈥. Quint. 2.15.31, 鈥楨ven the teachers of that art seemed to Plato to be rather unsuitable, as they separated rhetoric from justice and preferred the plausible to the truth.始 Gorgias wants rhetoric to be used only on behalf of what is just (Pl., Gorg. 457B).
20. Aristotle, Rhetoric 1402a3: Further, as in sophistical disputations, an apparent syllogism arises as the result of considering a thing first absolutely, and then not absolutely, but only in a particular case. For instance, in Dialectic, it is argued that that which is not is, for that which is not is that which is not; also, that the unknown can be known, for it can be known of the unknown that it is unknown. Similarly, in rhetoric, an apparent enthymeme may arise from that which is not absolutely probable but only in particular cases. But this is not to be understood absolutely, as Agathon says: 鈥淥ne might perhaps say that this very thing is probable, that many things happen to men that are not probable;鈥 for that which is contrary to probability still does happen, so that that which is contrary to probability is probable. If this is so, that which is improbable will be probable. But not absolutely; but as, in the case of sophistical disputations, the argument becomes fallacious when the circumstances, reference, and manner are not added, so here it will become so owing to the probability being not probable absolutely but only in particular cases. [11] The Art of Corax is composed of this topic. For if a man is not likely to be guilty of what he is accused of, for instance if, being weak, he is accused of assault and battery, his defense will be that the crime is not probable; but if he is likely to be guilty, for instance, if he is strong, it may be argued again that the crime is not probable, for the very reason that it was bound to appear so. It is the same in all other cases; for a man must either be likely to have committed a crime or not. Here, both the alternatives appear equally probable, but the one is really so, the other not probable absolutely, but only in the conditions mentioned. And this is what 鈥渕aking the worse appear the better argument鈥 means.
Here we have an artifice from what they call a 'dilemma', whose use by the eristics is illustrated nowhere better than Plato, Euthyd. (275D, 276D, 283E). Andocides loves dilemmas (1.51, 2.2-3, 2.16). A related topos is the one from division (cf. n. on B VII 39). On this topic see also Hermogenes On Civil Strife 147.29 Sp.: 鈥榃hat one person will use as evidence of something being the case, the other will use as evidence of it not being the case,鈥 etc.
This passage is fulsomely explained by G. Kowalski, De arte rhetorica 1 (1937) 3-4.
21. Aristotle, Rhetoric 1372a21: Those are likely to remain undetected whose qualities are out of keeping with the charges, for instance, if a weak person were accused of assault and battery, or a poor or ugly man of adultery.
22. Anaximenes, p. 86.16: It would be inappropriate if someone younger or older litigated on behalf of another; it would be incongruous if a strong person prosecuted a weak one for battery, or an insolent person accused a self-controlled one of wantonness, or someone very poor sued another who was very rich on the grounds that the defendant owed him money.[3]
You will note that as Aristotle adds 鈥榣ikewise with the others鈥, Anaximenes puts the example of the quarrel between the rich man and the poor man in the third place 鈥 an example that may have been found in Tisias鈥 treatise itself as seems to be confirmed in Luc. Pseudol. 29, where he recounts that some sophist took on the part of the poor man against a rich one and then ripped off plenty of money from a rich old man thanks to the art of Tisias. (Ibid. the last words 鈥榯he other鈥 defeated by sophistry鈥 seem to point to the story told in Ch. 5.) Cf. also Lys. 24.16: 鈥業t is not likely that the poor and very destitute would commit hubris, but those who own far more than they need; nor that those without bodily prowess would, but those who most trust their own strength, nor those of advanced age, but those who are young and have young-people attitudes.鈥 You have the reverse order to Anaximenes. One may hypothesize that certain topoi around likelihood had already been elaborated by Tisias; Kowalski p. 50 rightly compared hereto Xen. Cyr. 1.3.17: 鈥楾he case was as follows. A big [that is, strong] boy with a small tunic had stripped a small [that is, weak] boy with a big tunic (cf. above, Plat. Phaedr. 273A) and put his own tunic on him and the other鈥檚 on himself. I as the judge decided鈥 At that point the teacher hit me and said鈥︹
23. Doxopater, Against Aphthonos: The different parts of a speech were allegedly first invented by Corax, who had just taken over the people from that famous cruel tyranny and found them troubled: in order to stop the unrest in the crowd and make them listen, he came up with the tropes used in the exordium; to expound the facts clearly, persuasively and concisely, he invented the exposition; to be persuasive on the matters that he wanted to be, either encouraging or dissuading, he used the argumentative part; and in order to remind the listeners of the salient points and also to evoke emotions in the judges or councilors, he instituted the epilogue.
Cf. the extant sources on Corax鈥檚 disposition gathered above (A V 16). Doxopater himself, when he describes the four parts, which is approved already by John of Sardis p. 50.12f. R., is nonetheless speaking about the demonstrative genre, in which narration plays no role, and proffers teachings regarding the virtues of narrations that others attribute to Isocrates and his art. Finally, Troilus, claiming that Corax was experienced in the forensic genre, lists seven parts: paroimia, prokataskeue, prokatastasis, katastasis, agonas, parekbasis, epilogos (above p. 17). These may actually stem from memorization of Aristotle; but we know that, in inventing technical terms, the early authors went insane, so to speak. Also see Hamberger鈥檚 little book 25-6. (34).
24. Syrianus, Commentary on Hermogenes 2, p. 127.4: One must know that Corax too, the writer of treatises, uses the word katastasis to refer to the exordium.
Anaximenes 29 p. 71.5 H. on proems: 鈥業n this way one ought to do the katastaseis of public speeches.鈥 On the content of the word katastasis see Wendland 30f., Hamberger 34 f., 39f. (Usener, Kl. Schriften 1.32).
25. Plato, Phaedrus 247 D: But all seem to be in agreement concerning the conclusion of discourses, which some call 'retracing' (epanodos), while others give it some other name. (Phaedr.:) You mean recalling the points of the speech at the end, to remind the audience what has been said?
26. Plato, Phaedrus 274A (looking back to what preceded) Therefore, if the path is long, do not be astonished; for it must be trodden for the sake of great ends, not for those you (Tisias) have in mind.
This 鈥榞oing around鈥 (periodos) is called by Cicero 鈥榓mbitus鈥. Pollux 2.125 explains perilegein as 鈥榳alking around with the speech鈥. But in Arist. Frogs 953 peripatos means something like a 鈥榣ong speech鈥, which is explained in the words of Maccab. 2 2.30: 鈥楾o thread around and go for a long walk with words and be overzealous in the divided elements is appropriate to him who leads the narration, whereas brevity鈥︹. From Plato鈥檚 words it is clear that he regarded the very word periodos as so derived. It follows that Tisias always taught to speak through periodoi.
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