XIV. POLUS 1. Sud. s. v. 螤峥段晃肯: 螤., 峒埼合佄蔽澄蔽较勧繓谓慰蟼, 峥ノ勏壪, 渭峋段晃晃课 未峤 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿峤聪 蟿峥段 蟺维位伪喂, 未喂未维蟽魏伪位慰蟼 螞喂魏蠀渭谓委慰蠀. 峒斘诚佄毕埼 纬蔚谓蔚伪位慰纬委伪谓 蟿峥段 峒愊峤 峒嘉晃刮课 蟽蟿蟻伪蟿蔚蠀蟽维谓蟿蠅谓 峒櫸晃晃较壩 魏伪峤 尾伪蟻尾维蟻蠅谓 魏伪峤 蟺峥断 峒曃何毕兿勎肯 峒蟺萎位位伪尉蔚, 蟿喂谓峤蚕 未峤 伪峤愊勧礁 螖伪渭维蟽蟿慰蠀 峒愊喂纬蟻维蠁慰蠀蟽喂. 谓蔚峥段 魏伪蟿维位慰纬慰谓. 蟺蔚蟻峤 位苇尉蔚蠅蟼.
1A. Plato, Theages 127E-128A 峒斚蔚喂蟿伪 蔚峒 峒勏佄 蟿峥喯 渭峤参 蟿峥段 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏峥段 峒谓未蟻峥段 蟽蠀谓慰蠀蟽委伪蟼 螛蔚维纬畏蟼 峤呂次 魏伪蟿伪蠁蟻慰谓蔚峥, 峒勎晃晃肯呄 未苇 蟿喂谓伪蟼 味畏蟿蔚峥 慰峒 蟺伪喂未蔚蠉蔚喂谓 峒愊伪纬纬苇位位慰谓蟿伪喂 慰峒肺课 蟿蔚 蔚峒段轿蔽 谓苇慰蠀蟼 峒谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀蟼, 峒斚兿勎刮 峒愇较勎贬喀胃伪 魏伪峤 螤蟻蠈未喂魏慰蟼 峤 螝蔚峥栁肯 魏伪峤 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼 [128a] 峤 螞蔚慰谓蟿峥栁轿肯 魏伪峤 蟺峥段晃肯 峤 峒埼合佄蔽澄蔽较勧繓谓慰蟼 魏伪峤 峒勎晃晃课 蟺慰位位慰委, 慰峒 慰峤曄勏 蟽慰蠁慰委 蔚峒跋兾刮 峤ハ兿勎 蔚峒跋 蟿峤跋 蟺蠈位蔚喂蟼 峒跋屛较勎迪 蟺蔚委胃慰蠀蟽喂 蟿峥段 谓苇蠅谓 蟿慰峤合 纬蔚谓谓伪喂慰蟿维蟿慰蠀蟼 蟿蔚 魏伪峤 蟺位慰蠀蟽喂蠅蟿维蟿慰蠀蟼鈥斘酷挤蟼 峒斘疚迪兿勎刮 蟿峥段 蟺慰位喂蟿峥段 峋 峒偽 尾慰蠉位蠅谓蟿伪喂 蟺蟻慰峥栁何 蟽蠀谓蔚峥栁轿蔽光 蟿慰蠉蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺蔚委胃慰蠀蟽喂谓 峒蟺慰位蔚委蟺慰谓蟿伪蟼 蟿峤跋 峒愇何滴较壩 蟽蠀谓慰蠀蟽委伪蟼 伪峤愊勎酷繓蟼 蟽蠀谓蔚峥栁轿蔽, 蟺蟻慰蟽魏伪蟿伪蟿喂胃苇谓蟿伪蟼 峒蟻纬蠉蟻喂慰谓 蟺维谓蠀 蟺慰位峤 渭喂蟽胃蠈谓, 魏伪峤 蠂维蟻喂谓 蟺蟻峤赶 蟿慰蠉蟿慰喂蟼 蔚峒拔次轿蔽.
1B. Plato, Gorgias 527a 谓峥ξ 未峤 峤佅佱痉蟼 峤呄勎 蟿蟻蔚峥栂 峤勎较勎迪 峤懳嘉滇繓蟼, 慰峒迪蔚蟻 蟽慰蠁蠋蟿伪蟿慰委 峒愊兿勎 蟿峥段 谓峥ξ 峒櫸晃晃较壩, 蟽蠉 蟿蔚 魏伪峤 螤峥段晃肯 魏伪峤 [527b] 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼, 慰峤愇 峒斚囄迪勎 峒蟺慰未蔚峥栁疚蔽 峤∠ 未蔚峥 峒勎晃晃课 蟿喂谓峤 尾委慰谓 味峥單 峒 蟿慰峥ο勎课, 峤呄兿蔚蟻 魏伪峤 峒愇何滇繓蟽蔚 蠁伪委谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蠀渭蠁苇蟻蠅谓.
1C. Lucianus, Herodotus 3.3-4 峤呄蔚蟻 峤曄兿勎迪佄课 魏伪蟿伪谓慰萎蟽伪谓蟿蔚蟼, 峒愊委蟿慰渭蠈谓 蟿喂谓伪 蟿伪蠉蟿畏谓 峤佄瘁礁谓 峒愊 纬谓峥断兾刮, 峒瓜蟺委伪蟼 蟿蔚 峤 峒愊喂蠂蠋蟻喂慰蟼 伪峤愊勧慷谓 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿峤聪 魏伪峤 螤蟻蠈未喂魏慰蟼 峤 螝蔚峥栁肯 魏伪峤 峒埼轿蔽疚刮嘉轿废 峤 围峥栁肯 魏伪峤 螤峥段晃肯 峤 峒埼合佄蔽澄蔽较勧繓谓慰蟼 魏伪峤 峒勎晃晃课 蟽蠀蠂谓慰峤 位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 峒斘晃滴澄课 峒蔚峤 魏伪峤 伪峤愊勎酷蕉 蟺蟻峤赶 蟿峤次 蟺伪谓萎纬蠀蟻喂谓, 峒蠁峋 峤 纬谓蠋蟻喂渭慰喂 峒愇 尾蟻伪蠂蔚峥 峒愇澄澄轿课较勎. [4] 螝伪峤 蟿委 蟽慰喂 蟿慰峤合 蟺伪位伪喂慰峤合 峒愇何滴轿肯呄 位苇纬蠅 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿峤跋 魏伪峤 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 魏伪峤 位慰纬慰纬蟻维蠁慰蠀蟼;
1D. Aristoteles, Rhet. 2.23.29 1400b 魏伪峤 峒┫佅屛次刮何肯 螛蟻伪蟽蠉渭伪蠂慰谓 鈥溼紑蔚峤 胃蟻伪蟽蠉渭伪蠂慰蟼 蔚峒垛, 魏伪峤 螤峥段晃课 鈥溼紑蔚峤 蟽峤 蟺峥段晃肯 蔚峒垛, 魏伪峤 螖蟻维魏慰谓蟿伪 蟿峤肝 谓慰渭慰胃苇蟿畏谓, 峤呄勎 慰峤愇 峒偽 峒谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀 慰峒 谓蠈渭慰喂 峒位位峤 未蟻维魏慰谓蟿慰蟼 (蠂伪位蔚蟺慰峤 纬维蟻).
1E. Anonymi In Aristotelis artem rhetoricam commentarium. Page 146 line 24. 峤 螤峥段晃肯 渭伪胃畏蟿峤聪 魏伪峤 蟺伪峥栂 峒ξ 蟿慰峥 螕慰蟻纬委慰蠀.
1F. Scholion in Iamblichi Vitam Pythagorei p. 198 Nauck 蟿峤跋 峒蟻蠂峤跋 蟿峥喯 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏峥喯 蟺伪蟻伪未慰蠉蟼. 峤ハ兿勎 峒愇 螤蠀胃伪纬蠈蟻慰蠀 峒は佄疚毕勎 峒 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏萎, 峤∠兾毕嵪勏壪 未峤 峒 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮何 韦喂蟽委伪蟼 纬峤跋 魏伪峤 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼 魏伪峤 螤峥段晃肯 峒樜枷蔚未慰魏位苇慰蠀蟼 蟿慰峥 螤蠀胃伪纬慰蟻蔚委慰蠀 渭伪胃畏蟿伪委.
2. Schol. Clarkiani in Plat. Gorg. 465 D: 峒埼轿蔽疚蔽诚屜佄滴刮肯 纬峤跋 峒ξ 蟿峥 蟺蟻慰伪喂蟻苇蟽蔚喂 峤 螤峥段晃肯, 魏伪胃维蟺蔚蟻 峤 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼 峒樜枷蔚未蠈魏位蔚喂慰蟼.
3. Plato Gorg. 462 螔: (螤峥段晃肯偽) 峒位位峤 蟿委 蟽慰喂 未慰魏蔚峥 峒 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横酱 蔚峒段轿蔽; 鈥 危蠅. 蟺蟻峋段澄嘉, 峤 蠁峥傁 蟽峤 蟺慰喂峥喯兾蔽 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓 峒愇 蟿峥 蟽蠀纬纬蟻维渭渭伪蟿喂, 峤 峒愇翅郊 峒斘轿蔽诚囄肯 峒谓苇纬谓蠅谓. 螤峥段晃肯 鈥 蟿委 蟿慰峥ο勎 位苇纬蔚喂蟼; 危蠅魏蟻维蟿畏蟼 鈥 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻委伪谓 峒斘诚壩澄 蟿喂谓伪. Ubi schol.: 峒愇 蟿慰峥ο勎肯 未峥單晃课 峤呄勎 慰峤愊 峤 峒愇 峒蟻蠂峥喯 蟿慰峥 螤峥段晃肯 位蠈纬慰蟼 (Gorg. 448 C, vide infra) 伪峤愊勎肯兿囄次刮肯 峒ξ, 峒位位峤 蟽蠉纬纬蟻伪渭渭伪. Mera haec est coniectura. Vide sequentia.
4. Syrianus in Hermog. II p. 8, 23 R.: 螤峥段晃肯 峤 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿峤聪 峤 螕慰蟻纬委慰蠀 渭伪胃畏蟿峤聪 峒愇 蟿峥 蟿苇蠂谓峥 蠁畏蟽委路 蟺慰位位伪峤 蟿苇蠂谓伪喂 峒愇 峒谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰喂蟼 蔚峒跋冡蕉谓 峒愇 蟿峥段 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻喂峥段 峒愇枷蔚委蟻蠅蟼 蔚峤懴佄肺嘉轿蔽. Sic etiam 蟽蠂蠈位喂伪 蔚峒跋 蟽蟿维蟽蔚喂蟼 W IV 44, 14. Cf. 6.
5. Aristot. metaph. (1, 1) 981 a 3: 峒 渭峤参 纬峤跋 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻委伪 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓 峒愊慰委畏蟽蔚谓, 峤∠ 蠁畏蟽峤 螤峥段晃肯, 峤蟻胃峥断 位苇纬蠅谓, 峒 未始 峒蟺蔚喂蟻委伪 蟿蠉蠂畏谓. (Rad.) Fortasse ex Gorgia Platonis. Vide seq. Arti tribuit Capelle, Hermae 57, 265.
5A. Alexander, In Aristotelis metaphysica commentaria P.5.13. 峤呄勎 未峤 慰峒 渭峤 渭蔚蟿鈥 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻委伪蟼 蟿喂 蟺慰喂慰峥ξ较勎迪 峒蟺峤 蟿蠉蠂畏蟼 峒魏慰位慰蠀胃慰峥ξ 蟿峤 蟿苇位慰蟼 峒斚囄肯呄兾刮, 峒位位鈥 慰峤愇 峒愇 蟺蟻慰谓慰委伪蟼 魏伪峤 蟿苇蠂谓畏蟼, 峤∠ 峒斘晃滴澄 螤峥段晃肯, 未峥單晃课. Cf. Joannes Galenus, Allegoriae in Hesiodi theogoniam P. 314.16-20 峒愇 未鈥 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻委伪蟼 蟿苇蠂谓畏 峒 峒愊喂蟽蟿萎渭畏, 魏伪胃维 蠁畏蟽喂 螤峥段晃肯 峤 蠁喂位蠈蟽慰蠁慰蟼. 魏峒偽 纬峤跋 峒愇 未鈥 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻委伪蟼 蟿苇蠂谓畏 峒 峒愊喂蟽蟿萎渭畏, 魏伪胃维 蠁畏蟽喂 螤峥段晃肯 峤 蠁喂位蠈蟽慰蠁慰蟼. 魏峒偽 纬峤跋 峤佅佱慷谓蟿蔚蟼 峒 峒魏慰蠉慰谓蟿蔚蟼 峒 魏伪峤 峒愇轿迪佄澄酷喀谓蟿蔚蟼, 蟺位峤次 峒蟿蔚位峥断, 蟺蠈位位鈥 峒呄勏勎 渭伪谓胃维谓慰蠀蟽喂谓 慰峒 峒勎轿赶佅壪慰喂 峒斚佄澄 魏伪峤 蟿峥喯 谓伪蠀蟿喂位委伪蟼 魏伪峤 蟿峥喯 纬蔚蠅蟻纬喂魏峥喯 魏伪峤 蟿峥喯 蟽蟿蟻伪蟿喂蠅蟿喂魏峥喯.
6. Plato Gorg. 448 C (Polus): 蟺慰位位伪峤 蟿苇蠂谓伪喂 峒愇 峒谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰喂蟼 蔚峒跋冡蕉谓 峒愇 蟿峥段 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻喂峥段 峒愇枷蔚委蟻蠅蟼 畏峤懴佄肺嘉轿蔽. 峒愇枷蔚喂蟻委伪 渭峤参 纬峤跋 蟺慰喂蔚峥 蟿峤肝 伪峒搬慷谓伪 峒∥坚慷谓 蟺慰蟻蔚蠉蔚蟽胃伪喂 魏伪蟿峤 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓, 峒蟺蔚喂蟻委伪 未峤 魏伪蟿峤 蟿蠉蠂畏谓. 峒懳何兿勏壩 未峤 蟿慰蠉蟿蠅谓 渭蔚蟿伪位伪渭尾维谓慰蠀蟽喂谓 峒勎晃晃课 峒勎晃幌壩 峒勎晃幌壪, 蟿峥段 未峤 峒蟻委蟽蟿蠅谓 慰峒 峒勏佄瓜兿勎课. 峤 魏伪峤 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼 峒愊兿勧蕉谓 峤呂次, 魏伪峤 渭蔚蟿苇蠂蔚喂 蟿峥喯 魏伪位位委蟽蟿畏蟼 蟿峥段 蟿蔚蠂谓峥段 (i. e. 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横繂蟼).
7. Ibid. 448 D (de Pol慰): 蟿峤次 魏伪位慰蠀渭苇谓畏谓 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横酱谓 渭峋段晃晃课 渭蔚渭蔚位苇蟿畏魏蔚谓 峒 未喂伪位苇纬蔚蟽胃伪喂.
8. Plato Gorg. 472 C: 峒斚兿勎 渭峤参 慰峤栁 慰峤椣勏屜 蟿喂蟼 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰蟼 峒愇晃诚囄肯 (sc. 未喂峤 渭伪蟻蟿蠉蟻蠅谓), 峤∠ 蟽蠉 蟿蔚 (Polus) 慰峒次滴 魏伪峤 峒勎晃晃课 蟺慰位位慰委. (cf. 471E 峤 渭伪魏维蟻喂蔚, 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横慷蟼 纬维蟻 渭蔚 峒愊喂蠂蔚喂蟻蔚峥栂 峒愇晃诚囄滴刮, 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 慰峒 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 未喂魏伪蟽蟿畏蟻委慰喂蟼 峒∥澄肯嵨嘉滴轿课 峒愇晃诚囄滴刮. 魏伪峤 纬峤跋 峒愇何滇繓 慰峒 峒曄勎迪佄课 蟿慰峤合 峒懴勎佄肯呄 未慰魏慰峥ο兾刮 峒愇晃诚囄滴刮, 峒愊蔚喂未峤拔 蟿峥段 位蠈纬蠅谓 峤 峒偽 位苇纬蠅蟽喂 渭维蟻蟿蠀蟻伪蟼 蟺慰位位慰峤合 蟺伪蟻苇蠂蠅谓蟿伪喂 魏伪峤 蔚峤愇次课何嘉肯呄, 峤 未峤 蟿峒谓伪谓蟿委伪 位苇纬蠅谓 峒曃轿 蟿喂谓峤 蟺伪蟻苇蠂畏蟿伪喂 峒 渭畏未苇谓伪.)
9. Philostr. vit. Soph. 1.12 (497, p. 210, 22 K.): 螤峥段晃课 未峤 蟿峤肝 峒埼合佄蔽澄蔽较勧繓谓慰谓 螕慰蟻纬委伪蟼 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿峤次 峒愇疚滴嘉滴晃勎废兾 蟺慰位位峥段, 峤∠ 蠁伪蟽委, 蠂蟻畏渭维蟿蠅谓... 蔚峒跋冡蕉 未苇, 慰峒 蠁伪蟽喂 魏伪峤 蟿峤 蟺维蟻喂蟽伪 魏伪峤 蟿峤 峒谓蟿委胃蔚蟿伪 魏伪峤 蟿峤 峤佄嘉课刮肯勎晃迪呄勎 螤峥段晃课 蔚峤懴佄肺何轿蔽 蟺蟻峥断勎课, o峤愇 峤蟻胃峥断 位苇纬慰谓蟿蔚蟼. 蟿峥 纬峤跋 蟿慰喂峋肺次 峒纬位伪峥撫境 蟿慰峥 位蠈纬慰蠀 螤峥段晃肯 蔚峤懴佄肺嘉结績 魏伪蟿蔚蠂蟻萎蟽伪蟿慰. 峤呂肝滴 峤 螤位维蟿蠅谓 未喂伪蟺蟿蠉蠅谓 伪峤愊勧礁谓 峒愊峤 蟿峥 蠁喂位慰蟿喂渭委峋 蟿伪蠉蟿峥 蠁畏蟽委谓路 鈥炨溅 位峥废兿勎 螤峥段晃, 峒滴轿 蟽蔚 蟺蟻慰蟽蔚委蟺蠅 魏伪蟿峤 蟽苇.鈥
10. Plato Phaedr. 267 B/C: 蟿峤 未峤 螤蠋位慰蠀 蟺峥断 蠁蟻维蟽蠅渭蔚谓 伪峤 渭慰蠀蟽蔚峥栁 位蠈纬蠅谓, 峤∠ 未喂蟺位伪蟽喂慰位慰纬委伪谓 魏伪峤 纬谓蠅渭慰位慰纬委伪谓 魏伪峤 蔚峒拔何课轿课晃课澄蔽, 峤谓慰渭维蟿蠅谓 蟿蔚 螞喂魏蠀渭谓蔚委蠅谓, 峒 峒愇何滴结砍 峒愇聪壪佄兾毕勎 蟺蟻峤赶 蟺慰委畏蟽喂谓 蔚峤愇迪蔚委伪蟼; Cf. Phaedr. 269 A: 蟿委 未苇; 蟿峤肝 渭蔚位委纬畏蟻蠀谓 峒屛聪佄毕兿勎课 慰峒跋屛嘉滴肝 峒 魏伪峤 螤蔚蟻喂魏位苇伪, 蔚峒 峒魏慰蠉蟽蔚喂伪谓 峤 谓峥ξ 未峤 峒∥嘉滇繓蟼 未喂峥單嘉滴 蟿峥段 蟺伪纬魏维位蠅谓 蟿蔚蠂谓畏渭维蟿蠅谓, 尾蟻伪蠂蠀位慰纬喂峥段 蟿蔚 魏伪峤 蔚峒拔何课轿课晃课澄贯慷谓 魏伪峤 峤呄兾 峒勎晃晃 未喂蔚位胃蠈谓蟿蔚蟼 峤懴始 伪峤愇翅桨蟼 峒斚單蔽嘉滴 蔚峒段轿蔽 蟽魏蔚蟺蟿苇伪, 蟺蠈蟿蔚蟻慰谓 蠂伪位蔚蟺峥断 峒偽 伪峤愊勎酷胶蟼 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 峒愇诚 蟿蔚 魏伪峤 蟽峤 峤懴始 峒纬蟻慰喂魏委伪蟼 峥メ繂渭维 蟿喂 蔚峒跋蔚峥栁 峒蟺伪委未蔚蠀蟿慰谓 蔚峒跋 蟿慰峤合 蟿伪峥ο勎 纬蔚纬蟻伪蠁蠈蟿伪蟼 蟿蔚 魏伪峤 未喂未维蟽魏慰谓蟿伪蟼 峤∠ 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮横酱谓 蟿苇蠂谓畏谓... Vetat Dionysus deus in certamine poetarum apud Aristophanem 蔚峒拔合屛轿毕 位苇纬蔚喂谓 Ran. 906. De 纬谓蠅渭慰位慰纬委峋 v. H. Fromm, Quomodo oratores Attici sententiis usi sint (Diss. Stra脽b. 1912) 2 sq.
11. Hermias in Plat. Phaedr. p. 239, 6 (p. 191 Ast): 峒愇何滇繓谓慰蟼 (sc. Polus) 纬维蟻, 蠁畏蟽委谓 (sc. Plat慰), 峒愇疚丰喀蟻蔚 蟿峤 蟺维蟻喂蟽伪路 未喂峤 魏伪峤 渭慰蠀蟽蔚峥栁 位蠈纬蠅谓 峒愇何晃迪兾滴, 峒愊蔚喂未峤 峒愇聪屛何滴 蟿峥 魏伪位位喂位蔚尉委峋 蟺维谓蠀 魏慰蟽渭蔚峥栁 蟿峤肝 位蠈纬慰谓路 未喂蟺位伪蟽喂慰位慰纬委伪谓 未峤 蟿峤 蟿峤 伪峤愊勧桨 未峤断 位苇纬蔚喂谓, 慰峒肺课 蠁蔚峥 蠁蔚峥. Interpretationem 未喂蟺位伪蟽喂慰位慰纬委伪蟼 veram non esse, quia ad actionem potius quam ad stilum pertineret, Spengel statuit. Heindorf quidem artem voces compositas fingendi putaverat intellegi, quae coniectura haud improbabilis videri potest, postquam dithyrambi recentioris artificia ex Timothei Persis cognovimus (v. Proclum apud Photium Bibl. 320 b 18), nec vero obstat, quod Aristoteles in prorsa oratione 未喂蟺位峋 峤谓蠈渭伪蟿伪 魏伪峤 蟺蔚蟺慰喂畏渭苇谓伪 plerumque vitanda esse censuit, quia Poli oratio poetico colore sine dubio imbuta fuit. Ipse Spengel Poli 未喂蟺位伪蟽喂慰位慰纬委伪谓 nihil nisi 峒跋兿屛合壩晃 et 蟺维蟻喂蟽伪, cum eadem bis dicantur, 峒谓伪未委蟺位蠅蟽喂谓 fuisse iudicavit, velut 蠁喂位蠈未蠅蟻慰蟼 蔚峤愇嘉滴轿滴毕, 峒勎聪壪佄肯 未蠀蟽渭蔚谓蔚委伪蟼. Usener vero Anaximenis 蟿峤次 蔚峒跋 未峤晃 位苇尉喂谓 (c. 24) Poli invento adnexuerat (Quaest. Anaxim. p. 38). 鈥 渭慰蠀蟽蔚峥栁 位蠈纬蠅谓 denique interpretanda secundum Aristophanem, qui 蠂蔚位喂未蠈谓蠅谓 渭慰蠀蟽蔚峥栁 finxit de operibus malorum poetarum: non igitur possunt esse 峤谓蠈渭伪蟿伪 渭慰蠀蟽喂魏峥断 蟽蠀纬魏蔚委渭蔚谓伪 (Norden, Antike Kunstprosa I2 p. 74, 1) nec vero 鈥淭ummelpl盲tze der Rede鈥. Immo 渭慰蠀蟽蔚峥栁 ipsae sunt orationes. Certe autem Polus 蟿峤 蟺维蟻喂蟽伪 non invenit, sed Gorgias et Polus tamquam talium argutiarum amatores praecipui etiam a Syriano iuxta ponuntur in Hermog. I p. 64, 20 R.
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XIV. POLUS 1. Suda s.v. Polus: P(olus) of Agrigentum, a rhetorician, or rather one of the ancient sophists, teacher of Licymnius. He wrote a genealogy of those who fought in the Trojan War, Greeks and non-Greeks, and how each ended up. But some have ascribed it to Damastus. He wrote a Catalogue of Ships and On Style.
1A. Plato, Theages 127E-128A And moreover, if Theages here does despise the instruction of our statesmen, and is looking for some other persons who profess to be able to educate young people, we have here Prodicus of Ceos, Gorgias of Leontini, Polus of Agrigentum, [128a] and many more, who are so wise that they go to our cities and persuade the noblest and wealthiest of our young men鈥攚ho have the choice of learning from any citizen they choose, free of charge; they persuade them to abandon that instruction and learn from them, with a deposit, besides, of a large sum of money as their fee, and to feel thankful in addition.
1B. Plato, Gorgias 527a-b But as it is, you observe that you three, who are the wisest of the Greeks in our day鈥攜ou (Callicles) and Polus and Gorgias鈥擺527b] are unable to prove that we ought to live any other life than this, which is evidently advantageous also in the other world.
1C. Lucianus, Herodotus 3.4 They later understood. This was the short-cut to knowledge. Hippias, a native of the place, was the sophist, and he and Prodicus from Ceos and Anaximenes from Chios and Polus from Agrigentum and many others always spoke in person before the festival and so soon became well known. But why need I mention those old sophists, historians, and storytellers?
1D. Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.23.29 1400b Herodicus said of Thrasymachus, 鈥淵ou are ever bold in fight,鈥 and of Polus, 鈥淵ou are ever Polus (colt) by name and colt by nature,鈥 and of Draco the legislator that his laws were not those of a man, but of a dragon, so severe were they.
1E. Anonymous Commentary on Aristotle's Rhetoric: Polus was a student and slave of Gorgias.
1F. Scholion on Iamblichus' Life of Pythagorus: transmitting the beginnings of dialectic. So dialectic began from Pythagoras, as did rhetoric. Tisias and Gorgias and Polus were students of Empedocles.
2. Scholion of the Clark manuscript on Plato, Gorgias 465D: Polus belonged to the school of Anaxagoras, just as Gorgias belonged to that of Empedocles.
3. Plato, Gorgias 462B: Polus: But what do you think rhetoric is? 鈥 (Socrates:) The matter you claim to have made into an art in the treatise that I was reading recently. Polus 鈥 What thing do you mean? Socrates 鈥 I mean a sort of experience. (Rad.) Here the scholion has 鈥渇rom this it is clear that the speech of Polus was not originally improvised (see Pl. Gorg. 448C), but was a treatise.鈥 This is pure conjecture. See what follows.
4. Syrianus, Against Hermogenes: Polus the sophist, a pupil of Gorgias in the art (of rhetoric), says: 鈥淭here are many arts among humans that have been experientially discovered from experiences.鈥 So also scholia on staseis W 4.44.14. Cf. 6.
5. Aristotle, Metaphysics 1(A).1 981a3: As Polus rightly says, 鈥渆xperience creates art, but inexperience chance.鈥 Perhaps from Plato鈥檚 Gorgias. See the following. Capelle, Hermae 57, 265 attributes it to an ars.
5A. Alexander of Aphrodisias, On Aristotle鈥檚 Metaphysics P.5.13. It is clear that those doing something without experience are able to reach the end by chance, but not by forethought and techne, as Polus said. Cf. Joannes Galenus, Allegories in Hesiod鈥檚 Theogony Techne and knowledge are from experience, as Polus the philosopher says. For by seeing and hearing and acting, not fully, humans learns many functions of sailing and farming and generalship.
6. Plato, Gorgias 448C: (Polus:) There are many arts among humans that have been discovered experientially, as the result of experiences: for experience makes us conduct life according to art, but inexperience according to chance. Different men partake in each of these different arts in different ways, and the best men (partake in) the best. Gorgias here is one of these, and he shares in the finest of arts. Cf. Asclepius, Commentaries on Aristotle鈥檚 Metaphysics, books A鈥揨. Page 8 line 10.
7. Plato, Gorgias 448D: (Polus) has concerned himself more with the so-called 鈥渞hetoric鈥 than with dialectic.
8. Plato, Gorgias 472C: Well now, this is one mode of elenchus (through witnesses), as you (Polus) and many others believe. (Cf. 471E: Blessed fellow, now you are attempting to refute (elenchein) me rhetorically, as they understand refutation in the law courts. For there, the two sides are supposed to be refuting each other when they offer many and reputable witnesses to the statements they make, and the one saying the opposite offers only one, or none.)
9. Philostratus, Lives of the Sophists 13: Gorgias thoroughly instructed Polus of Agrigentum as a sophist, for a lot of money as they say, for Polus really was wealthy. There are some who claim that Polus first invented balanced clauses, antitheses, and homoioteleuta, but they are wrong. For Polus (only) employed such brilliance of speech after it had already been discovered. Hence Plato, to express his contempt for him because of this ostentation, says, 鈥淥 peerless Polus! to address you in your own way鈥 (Gorg. 467C). Cf. Symp. 185C 鈥淧ausanias paused鈥攜ou see what rhymes (isa) the 鈥渨ise鈥 are teaching me.鈥
10. Plato, Phaedrus 267B-C: And how shall we speak then of Polus鈥 mouseia of speeches 鈥 such as diplasiologia and gnomologia and eikonologia 鈥 and of Licymnian terms that he (Licymnius) gave him (Polus) to create good diction? (Rad.) Cf. Phaedrus 269A And what do we think honey-voiced Adrastus or even Pericles would say, if they heard the 鈥渁ll-beautiful鈥 technical terms we were just now discussing 鈥 brachylogiai and eikonologiai and all the others that we have reviewed and said that they ought to be examined under the rays of the sun? Would they get difficult, as you and I have, and boorishly say something uneducated to the authors and teachers of such a, so to speak, 鈥渞hetorical鈥 art, or would they chide us both, since they were wiser.鈥 In the contest of poets, the god Dionysus avoids 鈥渟peaking metaphors鈥 (Aristophanes, Frogs 906). On gnomologia see H. Fromm, 2-.
11. Hermias on Plato鈥檚 Phaedrus: [Plato] claims that [Polus] invented balanced clauses. Therefore he called his speeches 鈥mouseia of speeches鈥, since he was thought to adorn them thoroughly with 鈥渟tyle-beauty鈥: diplasiologia means saying words twice, e. g. 鈥減heu pheu鈥. (Rad.) Spengel stated that the interpretation is incorrect because it pertains to delivery rather than style. Heindorf had actually thought that it was to be understood as the art of making compound expressions, which seems a by no means implausible conjecture after what we know of artifices in a recent dithyramb of Timotheus鈥 Persae (see Proclus, in Photius 320b18), nor is it a problem that Aristotle (Rh. 3.7.11) criticizes that double-words are to be avoided in prose, since the speech of Polus was without doubt imbued with a poetic colour. Spengel himself indicated that diplasiologia was nothing other than isocola and balanced clauses, since they say the same thing twice, i.e. anadiplosis, e.g. philodoros eumeneias, adoros dusmeneias. Usener (Quaestonies Anaimeneae 38) had connected Anaximenes (24) the eis duo lexin to the invention of Polus, so that the mouseia of words was to be interpreted according to Aristophanes, who fashioned chelidonon museia from the works of bad poets: they cannot therefore be 鈥渨ords composed musically鈥 (Norden, Antike Kunstprosa 12p. 74.1) or 鈥減laygrounds of speech鈥. Mouseia are certainly not the orations themselves. Moreover, Polus did not invent balanced clauses (parisa), but Gorgias and Polus, since they were enthusiasts of such cleverness, are joined by Syrianus in Hermogenes 1 p. 64.20 R.
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