XXI. POLYCRATES 1. Quint. inst. 3, 1, 11: Antiphon quoque鈥 artem et ipse composuit... etiam Polycrates鈥 et Theodorus Byzantius (v. A V 10) Artis Polycrateae vix certum testimonium.
2. Aeschri慰 fr. 8, 5 Bgk., 6, 5 D.: 慰峤 纬峤跋 渭峤 蟿峤肝 螙峥單绞, 慰峤 渭峤 蟿慰峤合 魏维蟿蠅 魏慰蠉蟻慰蠀蟼, 慰峤愇 峒ξ 峒愊 峒勎轿聪佄毕 渭维蠂位慰蟼 慰峤愇瘁讲 未畏渭蠋未畏蟼. 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏蟼 未峤 蟿峤次 纬蔚谓峤次 峒埼肝肺轿贬繓慰蟼, 位蠈纬蠅谓 蟿喂 蟺伪喂蟺维位畏渭伪 魏伪峤 魏伪魏峤 纬位峥断兿兾, 峒斘诚佄毕埼滴, 峒呄兿兪 峒斘诚佄毕. 峒愇翅郊 纬峤跋 慰峤愇 慰峒段次. Cf. Athen. 335 b/c ad locum.
3. Dion. Hal. de Isae慰, p. 123, 8 U. R.: 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏蟼 未峤 魏蔚谓峤赶 渭峤参 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 峒位畏胃喂谓慰峥栂, 蠄蠀蠂蟻峤赶 未峤 魏伪峤 蠁慰蟻蟿喂魏峤赶 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 峒愊喂未蔚喂魏蟿喂魏慰峥栂, 峒勏囄毕佄瓜 未峤 峒愇 蟿慰峥栂 蠂伪蟻喂蔚谓蟿喂蟽渭慰峥 未蔚慰渭苇谓慰喂蟼 峒愊兿勎. Eundem nihil novi ad scribendi stilum conformandum addidisse dicit De Demosthene p. 143, 6 sq. U. R.
4. Isocr. 11 (B慰蠉蟽喂蟻喂蟼), 1: 峒ノ次瓜兿勎 渭峤参 峒勎 蟽慰喂 (i. e. Polycrati) 蟺蔚蟻峤 峤呂晃废 峒愊伪蟻蟻畏蟽喂伪蟽维渭畏谓 蟿峥喯 蟺伪喂未蔚蠉蟽蔚蠅蟼, 蟺蔚蟻峤 峒Ｎ 峒犖轿澄何毕兾蔽 未喂伪蟿蟻委尾蔚喂谓. 峒∥澄酷喀渭伪喂 纬峤跋 蟿慰峥栂 峒谓伪尉委蠅蟼 渭峤参 未蠀蟽蟿蠀蠂慰峥ο兾刮, 峒愇 未峤 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿委味蔚蟽胃伪喂 味畏蟿慰峥ο兾刮 峒呄伪谓蟿伪蟼 蟿慰峤合 蟺位蔚委蠅 蟺蔚蟺蟻伪纬渭伪蟿蔚蠀渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 魏伪峤 渭峋段晃晃课 峒蟺畏魏蟻喂尾蠅渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽萎魏蔚喂谓 峒愇肝滴晃课较勧桨蟼 蟿慰峥ο勎课 蔚峒跋兿單佄滴刮 蟿峤肝 峒斚佄蔽轿课. (Ibid. 50 渭峤 胃伪蠀渭维蟽峥兿, 蔚峒 谓蔚蠋蟿蔚蟻慰蟼 峤⑽解 峒愊喂蠂蔚喂蟻峥 蟽蔚 谓慰蠀胃蔚蟿蔚峥栁.) Polycratis Zoilus (v. i.) fuit discipulus sec. Aelianum v. h. 11, 10, Demosthenes sec. Sudae lexicon. Scriptores, qualis fuit Polycrates, Philodemus perstringit rhet. I 217, 5 sq.
5. Pausan. 6, 17, 9: 峒肝兿壩 峒愇 螛蔚蟽蟽伪位委峋 蟿蠀蟻伪谓谓萎蟽伪蟼 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿慰蠀蟼 慰峤 蟿峤 峒斚兿囄毕勎 峒愇轿滴澄何蔽嘉轿肯 未喂未伪蟽魏伪位蔚委慰蠀 蟿峥段 (trad. 蟿慰峥) 峒埼肝轿废兾, 蟿慰蠉蟿慰蠀 蟿慰峥 峒谓未蟻峤赶 峒愊委蟺蟻慰蟽胃蔚谓 伪峤愊勧礁谓 (sc. 螕慰蟻纬委伪谓) 峤 峒肝兿壩 峒愊慰喂萎蟽伪蟿慰.
6. Isocr. or. 11 (螔慰蠀蟽委蟻喂未慰蟼) 峤懴蠈胃蔚蟽喂蟼: 蟿慰峥ο勎课 蟿峤肝 位蠈纬慰谓 纬蟻维蠁蔚喂 蟺蟻峤赶 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏 蟿喂谓峤 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿萎谓, 峒愇 峒谓维纬魏畏蟼 峒愇晃赶屛较勎 峒愊峤 蟿峤 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿蔚蠉蔚喂谓 未喂峤 蟺蔚谓委伪谓, 峒埼肝肺轿贬繓慰谓 渭峤参 蟿峥 纬苇谓蔚喂, 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿蔚蠉慰谓蟿伪 未峤 谓峥ξ 峒愇 螝蠉蟺蟻峥. Quae ex Isocratis declamatione colligimus tamquam a Polycrate proposita, Sauppius expressit Or. Att. II 221 a I.
7. Isocr. 11 (螔慰蠉蟽喂蟻喂蟼), 48 (Polycratem adloquitur): 峒位位峤 纬峤跋 峒聪兿壪 峒偽 蔚峒聪慰喂蟼, 峤∠ 慰峤愇瘁讲 蟽峤 蟿慰峥ο勎 蟺伪蟻苇位伪胃蔚谓, 峒位位始 峒愇参肯呂晃肝废 蟿慰峥栂 蠁喂位慰蟽蠈蠁慰喂蟼 蟺伪蟻维未蔚喂纬渭伪 魏伪蟿伪位喂蟺蔚峥栁, 峤∠ 蠂蟻峤 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿峥段 伪峒跋兿囅佱慷谓 伪峒跋勎贯慷谓 魏伪峤 未蠀蟽蠂蔚蟻峥段 蟺蟻伪纬渭维蟿蠅谓 蟺慰喂蔚峥栂兾肝蔽 蟿峤跋 峒蟺慰位慰纬委伪蟼. 峒位位始 蔚峒 5 魏伪峤 蟺蟻蠈蟿蔚蟻慰谓 峒犖澄较屛滴瓜, 峒∥澄酷喀渭伪委 蟽慰喂 谓峥ξ 纬蔚纬蔚谓峥喯兾肝蔽 蠁伪谓蔚蟻蠈谓, 峤呄勎 蟺慰位峤 胃峋断勏勎课 峒勎 蟿喂蟼 蟽蠅胃蔚委畏 渭畏未峤参 蠁胃蔚纬尉维渭蔚谓慰蟼 峒 蟿慰峥ο勎课 蟿峤肝 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰谓 峒蟺慰位慰纬畏蟽维渭蔚谓慰蟼. 魏伪峤 渭峤参 未峤 魏伪峤 蟿慰峥ο勎 未峥單晃课, 峤呄勎 蟿峥喯 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼 峒愊喂魏萎蟻蠅蟼 未喂伪魏蔚喂渭苇谓畏蟼 魏伪峤 蠁胃慰谓慰蠀渭苇谓畏蟼 未喂峤 蟿慰峤合 蟿慰喂慰蠉蟿慰蠀蟼 蟿峥段 位蠈纬蠅谓 峒斚勎 渭峋段晃晃课 伪峤愊勧酱谓 渭喂蟽萎蟽慰蠀蟽喂谓. 峒⑽ 慰峤栁 峒愇嘉酷蕉 蟺蔚委胃峥, 10 渭维位喂蟽蟿伪 渭峤参 慰峤 蟺慰喂萎蟽蔚喂 蟿慰峥 位慰喂蟺慰峥 蟺慰谓畏蟻峤跋 峤懴慰胃苇蟽蔚喂蟼, 蔚峒 未峤 渭萎, 蟿慰喂伪峥ο勎 味畏蟿萎蟽蔚喂蟼 位苇纬蔚喂谓, 峒愇 峤 渭萎蟿始 伪峤愊勧礁蟼 蠂蔚委蟻蠅谓 蔚峒段轿蔽 未蠈尉蔚喂蟼 渭萎蟿蔚 蟿慰峤合 渭喂渭慰蠀渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 位蠀渭伪谓蔚峥 渭萎蟿蔚 蟿峤次 蟺蔚蟻峤 蟿慰峤合 位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 蟺伪委未蔚蠀蟽喂谓 未喂伪尾伪位蔚峥栂. 5 峒∥澄酷喀渭伪喂 螕 慰峒段嘉蔽 rell. 10 蟺慰喂萎蟽蔚喂蟼 螔慰蠉蟽喂蟻喂蟼 oratio nomine erat 峒愇澄合幬嘉刮课, re vera 峒蟺慰位慰纬委伪, sicut Gorgiae 峒櫸晃轿废 峒愇澄合幬嘉刮课 vel Anaximenis (Isocratis Helenae or. Hypoth.). Est 蟿蠈蟺慰蟼 蟿峥段 蟺伪蟻伪未蠈尉蠅谓, Aristotelis XV, rhet. 1399 a 29. Inde Philodemi vituperatio rhet. I 216, 18 S. 慰峒 峥ノ废勎肯佄刮何酷蕉 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿伪峤 螔慰蠀蟽蔚委蟻喂未伪蟼 魏伪峤 螤慰位蠀蠁萎渭慰蠀蟼 魏伪峤 蟿慰喂慰蠉蟿慰蠀蟼 峒勎晃晃肯呄 峒愇澄合壩嘉刮段课较勎迪 蟿峤 蟿峥段 峒纬伪胃峥段 峒斚伪胃位伪 魏慰喂谓慰蟺慰喂慰峥ο兾 魏伪峤 蟺慰位位慰峤合 蔚峒段轿蔽 蟺o谓畏蟻慰峤合 蟺蟻慰蟿蟻苇蟺慰谓蟿伪喂.
8. Quint. inst. II 17, 4: equidem illos, qui c慰ntra disputaverunt (sc. dicentes artem non esse rhetoricen), non tam id sensisse, quod dicerent, quam exercere ingenia materiae difficultate credo voluisse, sicut Polycraten, cum Busirim laudaret et Clytaemestram, quamquam is, quod his dissimile n慰n est, c慰mposuisse orationem, quae esset habita contra Socraten, dicitur. Clytaemestrae laudem fortasse Philodemus intellegit rhet. I 217, 26 S. (cf. infra C 73). Socratis accusationem item fuisse 蟺慰谓畏蟻峤拔 峤懴蠈胃蔚蟽喂谓, ut Isocratis verbis utar, Quintilianus adfirmat, habitam eam esse falso enuntians, sicut alii eam scriptores cum Anyti oratione confundunt (Fragmenta v. apud Sauppium Or. Att. II 222 a VII). Quam tamen meram fuisse declamationem non dixerim.
9. Alexander 蟺蔚蟻峤 峥ノ废勎肯. 峒蠁慰蟻渭峥段 III p. 3, 10 Sp.: 峒渭苇位蔚喂 峤呄勎蔽 蠂蠉蟿蟻伪蟼 峒愇澄合壩嘉刮断壩嘉滴 峒 蠄萎蠁慰蠀蟼, 峤∠ 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏蟼, 慰峤 蟺维谓蟿蠅蟼 魏伪峤 蟿蔚胃伪蠀渭伪魏蠈蟿蔚蟼 蟿峤次 蠂蠉蟿蟻伪谓 峒 蟿峤跋 蠄萎蠁慰蠀蟼 峒愊伪喂谓慰峥ξ嘉滴, 峒位位峤 纬蠀渭谓维味慰谓蟿蔚蟼 峒懳毕呄勎酷胶蟼 蟺喂胃伪谓慰峥栂 蟿喂蟽喂 位蠈纬慰喂蟼. Eadem Scholia Aphthonii, quae Sabatucci edidit, Stud. ital. 16 (1908) p. 83, 25 sq. et Ioannes Sard. p. 123, 11 sq. R., ubi post 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏蟼 addendo 峒 蠁伪位维魏蟻伪谓 峒 渭蠀峥栁蔽 Synesii et Luciani memoria inmiscetur 峒愇嘉勎肯, 蟺蠀蟻蔚蟿慰峥, 蠂蠉蟿蟻伪蟼 峒愇澄合幬嘉刮 se nosse ait Plutarchus Mor. 44 F. Plato symp. 177 B: 峒位位始 峒斘诚壩澄 峒⑽次 蟿喂谓峤 峒愇轿勏呄囄课 尾喂尾位委峥 峒谓未蟻峤赶 蟽慰蠁慰峥, 峒愇 峋 峒愇结繂蟽伪谓 峒呂晃迪 峒斚伪喂谓慰谓 胃伪蠀渭维蟽喂慰谓 峒斚囄课较勎迪 蟺蟻峤赶 峤犗單晃滴刮蔽, 魏伪峤 峒勎晃晃 蟿慰喂伪峥ο勎 蟽蠀蠂谓峤 峒次次课瓜 峒偽 峒愇澄何滴合壩嘉刮毕兾嘉轿. Isocr. 10, 12: 蟿峥段 渭峤参 纬峤跋 蟿慰峤合 尾慰渭尾蠀位喂慰峤合 魏伪峤 蟿慰峤合 峒呂晃毕 魏伪峤 蟿峤 蟿慰喂伪峥ο勎 尾慰蠀位畏胃苇谓蟿蠅谓 峒愊伪喂谓蔚峥栁 慰峤愇次滇蕉蟼 蟺蠋蟺慰蟿蔚 位蠈纬蠅谓 峒犗蠈蟻畏蟽蔚谓. Menander 蟺蔚蟻峤 峒愊喂未. 29 W IX 131, 5, p. 332, 26 Sp. 慰峤愇词 峒愇何滇繓谓慰 峒纬谓慰峥, 峤呄勎 魏伪峤 蟿峥段 峒佄会慷谓 魏伪峤 蟿峥段 蟿慰喂慰蠉蟿蠅谓 峒の次 蟿喂谓峤蚕 蟿峥段 蟺维位伪喂 蟽慰蠁喂蟽蟿峥段 峒愊伪委谓慰蠀蟼 蟽蠀谓苇纬蟻伪蠄伪谓. Haec quoque 蟺伪委纬谓喂伪 ad Polycraten relata sunt; de universa materia Blass II2 370 sq., M眉nscher, Rh. M. 54, 255 sq.
10. Aristot. rhet. 1401 b 15: 峒勎晃晃肯 (sc. 蟿蠈蟺慰蟼 蟿峥段 蠁伪喂谓慰渭苇谓蠅谓 峒愇轿赶呂嘉肺嘉勏壩) 未喂峤 蟿峤 蟽蠀渭尾蔚尾畏魏蠈蟼, 慰峒肺课 峤 位苇纬蔚喂 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏蟼 蔚峒跋 蟿慰峤合 渭峥ο, 峤呄勎 峒愇参课肝废兾蔽 未喂伪蟿蟻伪纬蠈谓蟿蔚蟼 蟿峤跋 谓蔚蠀蟻维蟼. Ubi schol.: 螤慰位苇渭蠅谓 峒毕兿勎肯佄滇繓 蟿慰峤合 峒渭蠁峤 韦蟻蠅维未伪 魏伪蟿慰喂魏慰峥ξ较勎毕 峒蟺峤 蠂蟻畏蟽渭峥段 蟿喂谓蠅谓 蟿慰峤合 峒愊蠂蠅蟻委慰蠀蟼 渭峥ο 蟽苇尾蔚蟽胃伪喂 未喂峤 蟿峤 蟿峤跋 谓蔚蠀蟻峤跋 蟿峥段 蟿蠈尉蠅谓 蟿峥段 蟺慰位蔚渭委蠅谓 蠁伪纬蔚峥栁, 蟺蟻峤赶 未峤 魏伪峤 蟿慰峤合 峤蠂蔚峥栂 蟿峥段 峒蟽蟺委未蠅谓 峒は勎课 蟿慰峤合 位蠋蟻慰蠀蟼. Ex 渭蠀峥段 aliquo encomio huc relatum a Spengelio, quod Aristoteles pr慰tulit rhet. 1401 a 12: 峒撐 未峤 蟿峤 蟺伪蟻峤 蟿峤次 峤佄枷壩较呂嘉蔽, 蟿峤 蠁维谓伪喂 蟽蟺慰蠀未伪峥栁课 蔚峒段轿蔽 渭峥ξ. 峒蠁始 慰峤 纬始 峒愊兿勧蕉谓 峒 蟿喂渭喂蠅蟿维蟿畏 蟺伪蟽峥段 蟿蔚位蔚蟿萎路 蟿峤 纬峤跋 渭蠀蟽蟿萎蟻喂伪 蟺伪蟽峥段 蟿喂渭喂蠅蟿维蟿畏 蟿蔚位蔚蟿萎. V. Philod. rhet. I p. 215, 10 S., Menander 蟺蔚蟻峤 峒愊喂未. p. 332, 13 Sp.
11. Demetr. de eloc. 120: 魏伪委蟿慰喂 蟿喂谓苇蟼 蠁伪蟽喂 未蔚峥栁 蟿峤 渭喂魏蟻峤 渭蔚纬维位蠅蟼 位苇纬蔚喂谓 魏伪峤 蟽畏渭蔚峥栁课 蟿慰峥ο勎 峒∥澄酷喀谓蟿伪喂 峤懴蔚蟻尾伪位位慰蠉蟽畏蟼 未蠀谓维渭蔚蠅蟼. 峒愇翅郊 未峤 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿蔚喂 渭峥ξ 蟿峥 峥ノ勎肯佄 蟽蠀纬蠂蠅蟻峥 峒愇澄合壩嘉刮段课较勎 峤∠ 峒埼澄蔽嘉嘉轿课轿 峒愇 峒谓蟿喂胃苇蟿慰喂蟼 魏伪峤 渭蔚蟿伪蠁慰蟻伪峥栂 魏伪峤 蟺峋断兾 蟿慰峥栂 峒愇澄合壩嘉刮毕兿勎刮何酷繓蟼 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰喂蟼. 峒斚伪喂味蔚谓 纬维蟻, 慰峤愇 峒愊兿慰蠉未伪味蔚, 魏伪峤 伪峤愊勧礁蟼 蟿峥喯 5 纬蟻伪蠁峥喯 峤 峤勎澄何肯 蟺伪委纬谓喂蠈谓 峒愊兿勎. 3 渭峥ξ: 渭峤参 cod. <螛蔚蟻蟽委蟿畏谓> 峤∠ 峒埼. suppleverat E. Maass. 6 蟺伪委纬谓喂慰谓: vide ad Gorgiae Helenam quae adnotata sunt.
12. Isocr. Helenae or. Hypothesis: 蟿喂谓峤蚕 位苇纬慰蠀蟽喂谓, 峤∠ 峤呄勎 魏伪峤 蟿峤肝 位蠈纬慰谓 蟿慰峥ο勎课 峒斘诚佄毕埼 蟺蟻峤赶 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏谓, 峒愊喂位伪渭尾伪谓蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼 伪峤愊勎酷喀 魏伪峤 峒愇 蟿慰蠉蟿峥, 慰峤愇 峒斚兿勎 未苇路 魏伪峤 纬峤跋 蟿峤 峒愇轿蔽较勎课 蟽蠀谓苇尾畏. 峒愇何滇繓谓慰蟼 纬峤跋 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏蟼 峒愊蔚位维尾蔚蟿慰 蟿慰峥 峒赶兾课合佄勎肯呄 峤∠ 魏伪魏峥断 纬蟻维蠄伪谓蟿慰蟼 蟿峤肝 位蠈纬慰谓 蟿慰峥ο勎课, 峤ハ兿蔚蟻 峒愇何滴轿肯 峒愊蔚位维尾蔚蟿慰 峒愇 蟿峥 螔慰蠀蟽委蟻喂未喂.
13. Aristot. rhet. 1401 a 24: 峒勎晃晃肯 (sc. 蟿蠈蟺慰蟼 蟿峥段 蠁伪喂谓慰渭苇谓蠅谓 峒愇轿赶呂嘉肺嘉勏壩), 蟿峤 未喂峥兿佄肺嘉轿课 蟽蠀谓蟿喂胃苇谓蟿伪 位苇纬蔚喂谓 峒 蟿峤 蟽蠀纬魏蔚委渭蔚谓慰谓 未喂伪喂蟻慰峥ξ较勎. 峒愊蔚峤 纬峤跋 蟿伪峤愊勧礁谓 未慰魏蔚峥 蔚峒段轿蔽 慰峤愇 峤偽 蟿伪峤愊勧礁 蟺慰位位维魏喂蟼, 峤佅蠈蟿蔚蟻慰谓 蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭蠋蟿蔚蟻慰谓, 蟿慰峥ο勎 未蔚峥 蟺慰喂蔚峥栁... (33) 蟺维位喂谓 蟿峤 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿慰蠀蟼 蔚峒跋 螛蟻伪蟽蠉尾慰蠀位慰谓, 峤呄勎 蟿蟻喂维魏慰谓蟿伪 蟿蠀蟻维谓谓慰蠀蟼 魏伪蟿苇位蠀蟽蔚谓. Schol. ad l. p. 150, 7 R.: 峤 螤慰位蠀魏蟻维蟿畏蟼 峥ノ勏壪 峤⑽ 峒斚伪喂谓慰谓 峒愊慰委畏蟽蔚谓 蔚峒跋 螛蟻伪蟽蠉尾慰蠀位慰谓. Laconum vituperationem a Iosepho commemoratam (c. Apionem l 221) in Thrasybuli laudibus locum habuisse Sauppius coniecit (Or. Att. 221 b V).
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XXI. Polycrates 1. Quintilian 3.1.11: Antiphon too [鈥 wrote a treatise himself [鈥 and so did Polycrates [鈥 and Theodorus of Byzantium. Hardly a clear testimony of a handbook by Polycrates.
2. Aeschrion fr. 8: No, by Zeus, by the boys below the Earth, I was not lustful toward men nor a common whore. But Polycrates, Athenian born and bred, a subtle speaker and a bad tongue, wrote whatever he wrote. I don鈥檛 know.
Cf. Athen. 335 b-c ad loc
3. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, On Isaeus: Polycrates is hollow when it is about the truth, lame and coarse in epideictic speeches and unpleasant wherever pleasantry is required. In On Demosthenes p. 143, 6 f. U. R. he also says that this author did not contribute anything to the development of the writing style.
4. Isocrates, Busiris 1: I should have been greatly pleased to discuss frankly with you (Polycrates) and fully the education with which you have been obliged to occupy yourself. For I believe that when men through no fault of their own are unfortunate and so seek in philosophy a source of gain, it is the duty of all who have had a wider experience in that occupation, and have become more thoroughly versed in it, to make this contribution voluntarily for their benefit. (Ibid. 50: Do not be surprised if I attempt to admonish you though being younger than you.) Zoilus (see under his name) was a student of Polycrates according to Aelian Various History 11.10; so was Demosthenes according to Suda. Philodemus On Rhetoric 1.217, 5 f. criticizes writers like Polycrates.
5. Pausanias 6.17.9: Jason, the tyrant of Thessaly, placed him (Gorgias) before Polycrates, who was a shining light of the Athenian school.
6. Hypothesis to Isocrates, Busiris: He wrote this speech against some sophist named Polycrates, who was forced by poverty to become a sophist; Athenian by birth, but practicing his profession on Cyprus. Sauppe Or. Att. II 221 a l expounds what I have selected from Isocrates鈥 declamation as having been published by Polycrates.
7. Isocrates, Busiris 48f. (speaking to Polycrates): But perhaps you will say that you too were not unaware of all this but that you wished to bequeath to men of learning an example of how pleas in defense of shameful charges and difficult causes ought to be made. But I think it has now been made clear to you, even if you were previously in ignorance, that an accused person would sooner gain acquittal by not uttering a word than by pleading his cause in this way. And, furthermore, this too is evident, that philosophy, which is already in mortal jeopardy and is hated, will be detested even more because of such discourses. If, then, you will listen to me, you will preferably not deal in future with such base subjects, but if that cannot be, you will seek to speak of such things as will neither injure your own reputation, nor corrupt your imitators, nor bring the teaching of rhetoric into disrepute.
The speech Busiris was styled as an 鈥榚ncomium,鈥 but was in truth a 鈥榙efense speech鈥, like Gorgias鈥 Encomium of Helen and that by Anaximenes (see the hypothesis to Isocrates鈥 Helen). It belongs to the 鈥榯opos of paradox鈥 (Aristoteles XV, Rhetoric 1399a29). Hence Philodemus鈥 vituperation, On Rhetoric 1.216,18 S.: 鈥楾he sophistic rhetoricians, by praising Busiris and Polyphemus and the like, make the rewards for good people commonplace and encourage many to be bad.
8. Quintilian 2.17.4: I think that those who have argued against this (rhetoric being an art) did not so much mean what they said but rather wanted to challenge people鈥檚 intelligence through the difficulty of the matter, as did Polycrates, for instance, in praising Busiris and Clytemnestra 鈥 although he (what is not different from it) is said to have written a speech that was given against Socrates. Phlodemus On Rhetoric I 217, 26 S. may mean the praise of Clytaemnestra (cf. below, C 73). Quintilian claims that the accusation speech against Socrates was likewise a 鈥榖ad starting point鈥 (to use Isocrates鈥 terminology), wrongly asserting that it was actually given, just as other authors confuse it with Anytus鈥 speech (see the fragments in Sauppe Or. Att. II 222 a VII). I would still argue it was not a mere declamation.
9. Alexander, On Rhetorical Starters [?]: No doubt when we praise pots or pebbles, as did Polycrates, we in no way do so because we admire the pot or the pebbles, but simply to practice giving persuasive speeches. The same scholia on Aphthonius that Sabatucci edited, Stud. ital. 16 (1908) p. 83, 25 f., and John of Sardis p. 123, 11 f. R., where, by adding 鈥榚ither a bald head or a fly鈥 after 鈥楶olycrates鈥, the memory of Synesius and Lucian is mixed in. Plutarch Moralia 44 F claims to know of 鈥榩raises of vomit, fever, and of a cooking-pot鈥; Plato symp. 177 B: 鈥楤ut I have come across a book by a wise man in which salt got a wonderful praise for its usefulness and you could see many such things being praised.鈥 Isocr. 10.12: 鈥楴one of those who have decided to praise bumblebees or salt or the like have ever been at a loss for words.鈥 Menander On deliberative speeches 29 W IX 131.5, p. 332, 26 Sp.: 鈥業 am well aware of the fact that some of the ancient sophists wrote praises of salt and the like.鈥 Such 鈥榡okes鈥 have been referred to Polycrates; on this topic as a whole see Blass II2 370 f., M眉nscher, Rh. M. 54, 255 f.
10. Aristotle, Rhetoric 1401b15: Another fallacy is derived from accident; for instance, when Polycrates says of the mice, that, they rendered great service by gnawing the bowstrings. The Scholium there: 鈥楶olemon reports that the inhabitants of the Troad worship the local mice following some oracles, on the grounds that they ate the strings of the enemies鈥 bows, as well as the straps of the shields or the thongs.鈥 Spengel links this topic with a praise of 鈥榤ice鈥 that Aristotle cites in Rhetoric 1401a12: 鈥極ne kind of fallacy is that of equivocation, like saying that the mouse is an important thing because from it is derived the most highly regarded of all religious festivals: the mysteries are the most honored festival of all.鈥 See Philod. On Rhetoric I p. 215, 10 S., Menander On Epideictic Speeches p. 332, 13 Sp.
11. Demetrius, On Elocution: And yet some claim that we must speak of little things in pompous tones and they think this is a sign of exceptional ability. I for my part do accept Polycrates the orator praising a mouse as much as Agamemnon with antitheses, metaphors and all the other tropes used in praises. For he was joking, not being serious, and the serious tone of the writing is itself a joke. 鈥楳ouse鈥 has been inserted here by the editors in place of (the particle) men. E. Maass inserts 鈥楾hersites as much as Agamemnon鈥 instead. On 鈥榡oke鈥 see my notes on Gorgias鈥 Helen.
12. Hypothesis on Isocrates鈥 Helena: Some say that [Isocrates] wrote this speech, too, as an attack against Polycrates. This, however, is not true, but the opposite is the case: Polycrates attacked Isocrates alleging that he wrote this speech badly, just as the latter attacked him in Busiris.
13. Aristotle, Rhetoric 1401a24: Another fallacy consists in combining what is divided or dividing what is combined. For since a thing which is not the same as another often appears to be the same, one may adopt the more convenient alternative. [鈥 (33) Again, one may quote what Polycrates said of Thrasybulus, that he deposed thirty tyrants. Scholium ad loc. p. 150, 7 R.: 鈥楶olycrates, a rhetorician, wrote a praise of Thrasybulus.鈥 The blame of the Laconians quoted by Josephus (Against Apion 1.221), according to an hypothesis of Sauppe (Or. Att. 221 b V), was among the praises of Thrasybulus. |
[3] Tentative translation of 蟺伪喂蟺维位畏渭伪, which seems to be a slang word.